Application Folder

Contents

• General
• Directory Location
• Built-In Applications
• NuttShell (NSH) Built-In Commands
• Synchronous Built-In Commands
• Application Configuration File
• Example Built-In Application
• Building NuttX with Board-Specific Pieces Outside the Source Tree

General

This folder provides various applications found in sub-directories. These applications are not inherently a part of NuttX but are provided to help you develop your own applications. The apps/ directory is a break away part of the configuration that you may choose to use or not.

Directory Location

The default application directory used by the NuttX build should be named apps/ (or apps-x.y.z/ where x.y.z is the NuttX version number). This apps/ directory should appear in the directory tree at the same level as the NuttX directory. Like:

 .
 |- nuttx
 |
 `- apps

If all of the above conditions are TRUE, then NuttX will be able to find the application directory. If your application directory has a different name or is location at a different position, then you will have to inform the NuttX build system of that location. There are several ways to do that:

1) You can define CONFIG_APPS_DIR to be the full path to your application directory in the NuttX configuration file. 2) You can provide the path to the application directory on the command line like: make APPDIR=<path> or make CONFIG_APPS_DIR=<path> 3) When you configure NuttX using tools/configure.sh, you can provide that path to the application directory on the configuration command line like: ./configure.sh -a <app-dir> <board-name>:<config-name>

Built-In Applications

NuttX also supports applications that can be started using a name string. In this case, application entry points with their requirements are gathered together in two files:

• builtin/builtin_proto.h – Entry points, prototype function
• builtin/builtin_list.h – Application specific information and requirements

The build occurs in several phases as different build targets are executed: (1) context, (2) depend, and (3) default (all). Application information is collected during the make context build phase.

To execute an application function:

exec_builtin() is defined in the nuttx/include/apps/builtin/builtin.h.

NuttShell (NSH) Built-In Commands

One use of builtin applications is to provide a way of invoking your custom application through the NuttShell (NSH) command line. NSH will support a seamless method invoking the applications, when the following option is enabled in the NuttX configuration file:

CONFIG_NSH_BUILTIN_APPS=y

Applications registered in the apps/builtin/builtin_list.h file will then be accessible from the NSH command line. If you type help at the NSH prompt, you will see a list of the registered commands.

Synchronous Built-In Commands

By default, built-in commands started from the NSH command line will run asynchronously with NSH. If you want to force NSH to execute commands then wait for the command to execute, you can enable that feature by adding the following to the NuttX configuration file:

CONFIG_SCHED_WAITPID=y

The configuration option enables support for the waitpid() RTOS interface. When that interface is enabled, NSH will use it to wait, sleeping until the built-in command executes to completion.

Of course, even with CONFIG_SCHED_WAITPID=y defined, specific commands can still be forced to run asynchronously by adding the ampersand (&) after the NSH command.

Application Configuration File

The NuttX configuration uses kconfig-frontends tools and the NuttX configuration file (.config) file. For example, the NuttX .config may have:

CONFIG_EXAMPLES_HELLO=y

This will select the apps/examples/hello in the following way:

• The top-level make will include examples/Make.defs
• examples/Make.defs will set CONFIGURED_APPS += $(APPDIR)/examples/hello like this:

  ifneq ($(CONFIG_EXAMPLES_HELLO),)
  CONFIGURED_APPS += $(APPDIR)/examples/hello
  endif

Example Built-In Application

An example application skeleton can be found under the examples/hello sub-directory. This example shows how a builtin application can be added to the project. One must:

1. Create sub-directory as: progname

2. In this directory there should be:

- A `Make.defs` file that would be included by the `apps/Makefile`
- A `Kconfig` file that would be used by the configuration tool (see the
  file `kconfig-language.txt` in the NuttX tools repository). This `Kconfig`
  file should be included by the `apps/Kconfig` file
- A `Makefile`, and
- The application source code.

1. The application source code should provide the entry point:

   main()
   

2. Set the requirements in the file: Makefile, specially the lines:

   PROGNAME   = progname
   PRIORITY   = SCHED_PRIORITY_DEFAULT
   STACKSIZE  = 768
   ASRCS      = asm source file list as a.asm b.asm ...
   CSRCS      = C source file list as foo1.c foo2.c ..
   

3. The Make.defs file should include a line like:

   ifneq ($(CONFIG_PROGNAME),)
   CONFIGURED_APPS += progname
   endif
   

Building NuttX with Board-Specific Pieces Outside the Source Tree

Q: Has anyone come up with a tidy way to build NuttX with board- specific pieces outside the source tree?

A: Here are three:

1) There is a make target called make export. It will build NuttX, then bundle all of the header files, libraries, startup objects, and other build components into a .zip file. You can move that .zip file into any build environment you want. You can even build NuttX under a DOS CMD window.

  This make target is documented in the top level `nuttx/README.txt`.

2) You can replace the entire apps/ directory. If there is nothing in the apps/ directory that you need, you can define CONFIG_APPS_DIR in your .config file so that it points to a different, custom application directory.

  You can copy any pieces that you like from the old apps/directory to your
  custom apps directory as necessary.

  This is documented in `NuttX/boards/README.txt` and
  `nuttx/Documentation/NuttXPortingGuide.html` (Online at
  https://bitbucket.org/nuttx/nuttx/src/master/Documentation/NuttXPortingGuide.html#apndxconfigs
  under _Build options_). And in the `apps/README.txt` file.

3) If you like the random collection of stuff in the apps/ directory but just want to expand the existing components with your own, external sub-directory then there is an easy way to that too: You just create a symbolic link in the apps/ directory that redirects to your application sub-directory.

  In order to be incorporated into the build, the directory that you link
  under the `apps/` directory should contain (1) a `Makefile` that supports
  the `clean` and `distclean` targets (see other `Makefile`s for examples),
  and (2) a tiny `Make.defs` file that simply adds the custom build
  directories to the variable `CONFIGURED_APPS` like:

  ```makefile
  CONFIGURED_APPS += my_directory1 my_directory2
  ```

  The `apps/Makefile` will always automatically check for the existence of
  subdirectories containing a `Makefile` and a `Make.defs` file. The
  `Makefile` will be used only to support cleaning operations. The Make.defs
  file provides the set of directories to be built; these directories must
  also contain a `Makefile`. That `Makefile` must be able to build the
  sources and add the objects to the `apps/libapps.a` archive. (see other
  `Makefile`s for examples). It should support the all, install, context,
  and depend targets.

  `apps/Makefile` does not depend on any hardcoded lists of directories.
  Instead, it does a wildcard search to find all appropriate directories.
  This means that to install a new application, you simply have to copy the
  directory (or link it) into the `apps/` directory. If the new directory
  includes a `Makefile` and `Make.defs` file, then it will automatically be
  included in the build.

  If the directory that you add also includes a `Kconfig` file, then it will
  automatically be included in the NuttX configuration system as well.
  `apps/Makefile` uses a tool at `apps/tools/mkkconfig.sh` that dynamically
  builds the `apps/Kconfig` file at pre-configuration time.

  You could, for example, create a script called `install.sh` that installs
  a custom application, configuration, and board specific directory:

  a) Copy `MyBoard` directory to `boards/MyBoard`.  
  b) Add a symbolic link to `MyApplication` at `apps/external`.  
  c) Configure NuttX, usually by:  

  ```bash
  tools/configure.sh MyBoard:MyConfiguration
  ```

  Use of the name `apps/external` is suggested because that name is included
  in the `.gitignore` file and will save you some nuisance when working with
  GIT.