Convert submodule to files

- Subproject commit e6f6bf682d20bb21904ea9c081c15e070809d914

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Calculate or keep track of the interpolated average precision.
+
+It provides an interface for calculating interpolated average precision for an
+entire list or the top-n ranked items. For the definition of the
+(non-)interpolated average precision:
+http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec15/appendices/CE.MEASURES06.pdf
+
+Example usages:
+1) Use it as a static function call to directly calculate average precision for
+a short ranked list in the memory.
+
+```
+import random
+
+p = np.array([random.random() for _ in xrange(10)])
+a = np.array([random.choice([0, 1]) for _ in xrange(10)])
+
+ap = average_precision_calculator.AveragePrecisionCalculator.ap(p, a)
+```
+
+2) Use it as an object for long ranked list that cannot be stored in memory or
+the case where partial predictions can be observed at a time (Tensorflow
+predictions). In this case, we first call the function accumulate many times
+to process parts of the ranked list. After processing all the parts, we call
+peek_interpolated_ap_at_n.
+```
+p1 = np.array([random.random() for _ in xrange(5)])
+a1 = np.array([random.choice([0, 1]) for _ in xrange(5)])
+p2 = np.array([random.random() for _ in xrange(5)])
+a2 = np.array([random.choice([0, 1]) for _ in xrange(5)])
+
+# interpolated average precision at 10 using 1000 break points
+calculator = average_precision_calculator.AveragePrecisionCalculator(10)
+calculator.accumulate(p1, a1)
+calculator.accumulate(p2, a2)
+ap3 = calculator.peek_ap_at_n()
+```
+"""
+
+import heapq
+import random
+import numbers
+
+import numpy
+
+
+class AveragePrecisionCalculator(object):
+  """Calculate the average precision and average precision at n."""
+
+  def __init__(self, top_n=None):
+    """Construct an AveragePrecisionCalculator to calculate average precision.
+
+    This class is used to calculate the average precision for a single label.
+
+    Args:
+      top_n: A positive Integer specifying the average precision at n, or None
+        to use all provided data points.
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: An error occurred when the top_n is not a positive integer.
+    """
+    if not ((isinstance(top_n, int) and top_n >= 0) or top_n is None):
+      raise ValueError("top_n must be a positive integer or None.")
+
+    self._top_n = top_n  # average precision at n
+    self._total_positives = 0  # total number of positives have seen
+    self._heap = []  # max heap of (prediction, actual)
+
+  @property
+  def heap_size(self):
+    """Gets the heap size maintained in the class."""
+    return len(self._heap)
+
+  @property
+  def num_accumulated_positives(self):
+    """Gets the number of positive samples that have been accumulated."""
+    return self._total_positives
+
+  def accumulate(self, predictions, actuals, num_positives=None):
+    """Accumulate the predictions and their ground truth labels.
+
+    After the function call, we may call peek_ap_at_n to actually calculate
+    the average precision.
+    Note predictions and actuals must have the same shape.
+
+    Args:
+      predictions: a list storing the prediction scores.
+      actuals: a list storing the ground truth labels. Any value larger than 0
+        will be treated as positives, otherwise as negatives. num_positives = If
+        the 'predictions' and 'actuals' inputs aren't complete, then it's
+        possible some true positives were missed in them. In that case, you can
+        provide 'num_positives' in order to accurately track recall.
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: An error occurred when the format of the input is not the
+      numpy 1-D array or the shape of predictions and actuals does not match.
+    """
+    if len(predictions) != len(actuals):
+      raise ValueError("the shape of predictions and actuals does not match.")
+
+    if num_positives is not None:
+      if not isinstance(num_positives, numbers.Number) or num_positives < 0:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "'num_positives' was provided but it was a negative number.")
+
+    if num_positives is not None:
+      self._total_positives += num_positives
+    else:
+      self._total_positives += numpy.size(
+          numpy.where(numpy.array(actuals) > 1e-5))
+    topk = self._top_n
+    heap = self._heap
+
+    for i in range(numpy.size(predictions)):
+      if topk is None or len(heap) < topk:
+        heapq.heappush(heap, (predictions[i], actuals[i]))
+      else:
+        if predictions[i] > heap[0][0]:  # heap[0] is the smallest
+          heapq.heappop(heap)
+          heapq.heappush(heap, (predictions[i], actuals[i]))
+
+  def clear(self):
+    """Clear the accumulated predictions."""
+    self._heap = []
+    self._total_positives = 0
+
+  def peek_ap_at_n(self):
+    """Peek the non-interpolated average precision at n.
+
+    Returns:
+      The non-interpolated average precision at n (default 0).
+      If n is larger than the length of the ranked list,
+      the average precision will be returned.
+    """
+    if self.heap_size <= 0:
+      return 0
+    predlists = numpy.array(list(zip(*self._heap)))
+
+    ap = self.ap_at_n(predlists[0],
+                      predlists[1],
+                      n=self._top_n,
+                      total_num_positives=self._total_positives)
+    return ap
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def ap(predictions, actuals):
+    """Calculate the non-interpolated average precision.
+
+    Args:
+      predictions: a numpy 1-D array storing the sparse prediction scores.
+      actuals: a numpy 1-D array storing the ground truth labels. Any value
+        larger than 0 will be treated as positives, otherwise as negatives.
+
+    Returns:
+      The non-interpolated average precision at n.
+      If n is larger than the length of the ranked list,
+      the average precision will be returned.
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: An error occurred when the format of the input is not the
+      numpy 1-D array or the shape of predictions and actuals does not match.
+    """
+    return AveragePrecisionCalculator.ap_at_n(predictions, actuals, n=None)
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def ap_at_n(predictions, actuals, n=20, total_num_positives=None):
+    """Calculate the non-interpolated average precision.
+
+    Args:
+      predictions: a numpy 1-D array storing the sparse prediction scores.
+      actuals: a numpy 1-D array storing the ground truth labels. Any value
+        larger than 0 will be treated as positives, otherwise as negatives.
+      n: the top n items to be considered in ap@n.
+      total_num_positives : (optionally) you can specify the number of total
+        positive in the list. If specified, it will be used in calculation.
+
+    Returns:
+      The non-interpolated average precision at n.
+      If n is larger than the length of the ranked list,
+      the average precision will be returned.
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: An error occurred when
+      1) the format of the input is not the numpy 1-D array;
+      2) the shape of predictions and actuals does not match;
+      3) the input n is not a positive integer.
+    """
+    if len(predictions) != len(actuals):
+      raise ValueError("the shape of predictions and actuals does not match.")
+
+    if n is not None:
+      if not isinstance(n, int) or n <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("n must be 'None' or a positive integer."
+                         " It was '%s'." % n)
+
+    ap = 0.0
+
+    predictions = numpy.array(predictions)
+    actuals = numpy.array(actuals)
+
+    # add a shuffler to avoid overestimating the ap
+    predictions, actuals = AveragePrecisionCalculator._shuffle(
+        predictions, actuals)
+    sortidx = sorted(range(len(predictions)),
+                     key=lambda k: predictions[k],
+                     reverse=True)
+
+    if total_num_positives is None:
+      numpos = numpy.size(numpy.where(actuals > 0))
+    else:
+      numpos = total_num_positives
+
+    if numpos == 0:
+      return 0
+
+    if n is not None:
+      numpos = min(numpos, n)
+    delta_recall = 1.0 / numpos
+    poscount = 0.0
+
+    # calculate the ap
+    r = len(sortidx)
+    if n is not None:
+      r = min(r, n)
+    for i in range(r):
+      if actuals[sortidx[i]] > 0:
+        poscount += 1
+        ap += poscount / (i + 1) * delta_recall
+    return ap
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def _shuffle(predictions, actuals):
+    random.seed(0)
+    suffidx = random.sample(range(len(predictions)), len(predictions))
+    predictions = predictions[suffidx]
+    actuals = actuals[suffidx]
+    return predictions, actuals
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def _zero_one_normalize(predictions, epsilon=1e-7):
+    """Normalize the predictions to the range between 0.0 and 1.0.
+
+    For some predictions like SVM predictions, we need to normalize them before
+    calculate the interpolated average precision. The normalization will not
+    change the rank in the original list and thus won't change the average
+    precision.
+
+    Args:
+      predictions: a numpy 1-D array storing the sparse prediction scores.
+      epsilon: a small constant to avoid denominator being zero.
+
+    Returns:
+      The normalized prediction.
+    """
+    denominator = numpy.max(predictions) - numpy.min(predictions)
+    ret = (predictions - numpy.min(predictions)) / numpy.max(
+        denominator, epsilon)
+    return ret

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Utility to convert the output of batch prediction into a CSV submission.
+
+It converts the JSON files created by the command
+'gcloud beta ml jobs submit prediction' into a CSV file ready for submission.
+"""
+
+import json
+import tensorflow as tf
+
+from builtins import range
+from tensorflow import app
+from tensorflow import flags
+from tensorflow import gfile
+from tensorflow import logging
+
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "json_prediction_files_pattern", None,
+      "Pattern specifying the list of JSON files that the command "
+      "'gcloud beta ml jobs submit prediction' outputs. These files are "
+      "located in the output path of the prediction command and are prefixed "
+      "with 'prediction.results'.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "csv_output_file", None,
+      "The file to save the predictions converted to the CSV format.")
+
+
+def get_csv_header():
+  return "VideoId,LabelConfidencePairs\n"
+
+
+def to_csv_row(json_data):
+
+  video_id = json_data["video_id"]
+
+  class_indexes = json_data["class_indexes"]
+  predictions = json_data["predictions"]
+
+  if isinstance(video_id, list):
+    video_id = video_id[0]
+    class_indexes = class_indexes[0]
+    predictions = predictions[0]
+
+  if len(class_indexes) != len(predictions):
+    raise ValueError(
+        "The number of indexes (%s) and predictions (%s) must be equal." %
+        (len(class_indexes), len(predictions)))
+
+  return (video_id.decode("utf-8") + "," +
+          " ".join("%i %f" % (class_indexes[i], predictions[i])
+                   for i in range(len(class_indexes))) + "\n")
+
+
+def main(unused_argv):
+  logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
+
+  if not FLAGS.json_prediction_files_pattern:
+    raise ValueError(
+        "The flag --json_prediction_files_pattern must be specified.")
+
+  if not FLAGS.csv_output_file:
+    raise ValueError("The flag --csv_output_file must be specified.")
+
+  logging.info("Looking for prediction files with pattern: %s",
+               FLAGS.json_prediction_files_pattern)
+
+  file_paths = gfile.Glob(FLAGS.json_prediction_files_pattern)
+  logging.info("Found files: %s", file_paths)
+
+  logging.info("Writing submission file to: %s", FLAGS.csv_output_file)
+  with gfile.Open(FLAGS.csv_output_file, "w+") as output_file:
+    output_file.write(get_csv_header())
+
+    for file_path in file_paths:
+      logging.info("processing file: %s", file_path)
+
+      with gfile.Open(file_path) as input_file:
+
+        for line in input_file:
+          json_data = json.loads(line)
+          output_file.write(to_csv_row(json_data))
+
+    output_file.flush()
+  logging.info("done")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  app.run()

+import numpy as np
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow import logging
+from tensorflow import gfile
+import esot3ria.pbutil as pbutil
+
+
+def get_segments(batch_video_mtx, batch_num_frames, segment_size):
+    """Get segment-level inputs from frame-level features."""
+    video_batch_size = batch_video_mtx.shape[0]
+    max_frame = batch_video_mtx.shape[1]
+    feature_dim = batch_video_mtx.shape[-1]
+    padded_segment_sizes = (batch_num_frames + segment_size - 1) // segment_size
+    padded_segment_sizes *= segment_size
+    segment_mask = (
+            0 < (padded_segment_sizes[:, np.newaxis] - np.arange(0, max_frame)))
+
+    # Segment bags.
+    frame_bags = batch_video_mtx.reshape((-1, feature_dim))
+    segment_frames = frame_bags[segment_mask.reshape(-1)].reshape(
+        (-1, segment_size, feature_dim))
+
+    # Segment num frames.
+    segment_start_times = np.arange(0, max_frame, segment_size)
+    num_segments = batch_num_frames[:, np.newaxis] - segment_start_times
+    num_segment_bags = num_segments.reshape((-1))
+    valid_segment_mask = num_segment_bags > 0
+    segment_num_frames = num_segment_bags[valid_segment_mask]
+    segment_num_frames[segment_num_frames > segment_size] = segment_size
+
+    max_segment_num = (max_frame + segment_size - 1) // segment_size
+    video_idxs = np.tile(
+        np.arange(0, video_batch_size)[:, np.newaxis], [1, max_segment_num])
+    segment_idxs = np.tile(segment_start_times, [video_batch_size, 1])
+    idx_bags = np.stack([video_idxs, segment_idxs], axis=-1).reshape((-1, 2))
+    video_segment_ids = idx_bags[valid_segment_mask]
+
+    return {
+        "video_batch": segment_frames,
+        "num_frames_batch": segment_num_frames,
+        "video_segment_ids": video_segment_ids
+    }
+
+
+def format_prediction(video_ids, predictions, top_k, whitelisted_cls_mask=None):
+    batch_size = len(video_ids)
+    for video_index in range(batch_size):
+        video_prediction = predictions[video_index]
+        if whitelisted_cls_mask is not None:
+            # Whitelist classes.
+            video_prediction *= whitelisted_cls_mask
+        top_indices = np.argpartition(video_prediction, -top_k)[-top_k:]
+        line = [(class_index, predictions[video_index][class_index])
+                for class_index in top_indices]
+        line = sorted(line, key=lambda p: -p[1])
+        return (video_ids[video_index] + "," +
+               " ".join("%i %g" % (label, score) for (label, score) in line) +
+               "\n").encode("utf8")
+
+
+def inference_pb(filename):
+    with tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True)) as sess:
+
+        # 200527 Esot3riA
+        # 0. Import SequenceExample type target from pb.
+        target_video = pbutil.convert_pb(filename)
+
+        # 1. Load video features from pb.
+        video_id_batch_val = np.array([b'video'])
+        n_frames = len(target_video.feature_lists.feature_list['rgb'].feature)
+        # Restrict frame size to 300
+        if n_frames > 300:
+            n_frames = 300
+        video_batch_val = np.zeros((300, 1152))
+        for i in range(n_frames):
+            video_batch_rgb_raw = target_video.feature_lists.feature_list['rgb'].feature[i].bytes_list.value[0]
+            video_batch_rgb = np.array(tf.cast(tf.decode_raw(video_batch_rgb_raw, tf.float32), tf.float32).eval())
+            video_batch_audio_raw = target_video.feature_lists.feature_list['audio'].feature[i].bytes_list.value[0]
+            video_batch_audio = np.array(tf.cast(tf.decode_raw(video_batch_audio_raw, tf.float32), tf.float32).eval())
+            video_batch_val[i] = np.concatenate([video_batch_rgb, video_batch_audio], axis=0)
+        video_batch_val = np.array([video_batch_val])
+        num_frames_batch_val = np.array([n_frames])
+        # 200527 Esot3riA End
+
+        # Restore checkpoint and meta-graph file
+        checkpoint_file = '/Users/esot3ria/PycharmProjects/yt8m/models/frame' \
+                               '/sample_model/inference_model/segment_inference_model'
+        if not gfile.Exists(checkpoint_file + ".meta"):
+          raise IOError("Cannot find %s. Did you run eval.py?" % checkpoint_file)
+        meta_graph_location = checkpoint_file + ".meta"
+        logging.info("loading meta-graph: " + meta_graph_location)
+
+        with tf.device("/cpu:0"):
+            saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph(meta_graph_location,
+                                               clear_devices=True)
+        logging.info("restoring variables from " + checkpoint_file)
+        saver.restore(sess, checkpoint_file)
+        input_tensor = tf.get_collection("input_batch_raw")[0]
+        num_frames_tensor = tf.get_collection("num_frames")[0]
+        predictions_tensor = tf.get_collection("predictions")[0]
+
+        # Workaround for num_epochs issue.
+        def set_up_init_ops(variables):
+            init_op_list = []
+            for variable in list(variables):
+                if "train_input" in variable.name:
+                    init_op_list.append(tf.assign(variable, 1))
+                    variables.remove(variable)
+            init_op_list.append(tf.variables_initializer(variables))
+            return init_op_list
+
+        sess.run(
+            set_up_init_ops(tf.get_collection_ref(tf.GraphKeys.LOCAL_VARIABLES)))
+
+        coord = tf.train.Coordinator()
+        threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(sess=sess, coord=coord)
+        whitelisted_cls_mask = np.zeros((predictions_tensor.get_shape()[-1],),
+                                        dtype=np.float32)
+        segment_label_ids_file = '../segment_label_ids.csv'
+        with tf.io.gfile.GFile(segment_label_ids_file) as fobj:
+            for line in fobj:
+                try:
+                    cls_id = int(line)
+                    whitelisted_cls_mask[cls_id] = 1.
+                except ValueError:
+                    # Simply skip the non-integer line.
+                    continue
+
+        # 200527 Esot3riA
+        # 2. Make segment features.
+        results = get_segments(video_batch_val, num_frames_batch_val, 5)
+        video_segment_ids = results["video_segment_ids"]
+        video_id_batch_val = video_id_batch_val[video_segment_ids[:, 0]]
+        video_id_batch_val = np.array([
+            "%s:%d" % (x.decode("utf8"), y)
+            for x, y in zip(video_id_batch_val, video_segment_ids[:, 1])
+        ])
+        video_batch_val = results["video_batch"]
+        num_frames_batch_val = results["num_frames_batch"]
+        if input_tensor.get_shape()[1] != video_batch_val.shape[1]:
+            raise ValueError("max_frames mismatch. Please re-run the eval.py "
+                             "with correct segment_labels settings.")
+
+        predictions_val, = sess.run([predictions_tensor],
+                                    feed_dict={
+                                        input_tensor: video_batch_val,
+                                        num_frames_tensor: num_frames_batch_val
+                                    })
+        logging.info(predictions_val)
+        logging.info("profit :D")
+
+        # result = format_prediction(video_id_batch_val, predictions_val, 10, whitelisted_cls_mask)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
+
+    filename = 'features.pb'
+    inference_pb(filename)

+import tensorflow as tf
+import numpy
+
+
+def _make_bytes(int_array):
+    if bytes == str:  # Python2
+        return ''.join(map(chr, int_array))
+    else:
+        return bytes(int_array)
+
+
+def quantize(features, min_quantized_value=-2.0, max_quantized_value=2.0):
+    """Quantizes float32 `features` into string."""
+    assert features.dtype == 'float32'
+    assert len(features.shape) == 1  # 1-D array
+    features = numpy.clip(features, min_quantized_value, max_quantized_value)
+    quantize_range = max_quantized_value - min_quantized_value
+    features = (features - min_quantized_value) * (255.0 / quantize_range)
+    features = [int(round(f)) for f in features]
+
+    return _make_bytes(features)
+
+
+# for parse feature.pb
+
+contexts = {
+    'AUDIO/feature/dimensions': tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
+    'AUDIO/feature/rate': tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.float32),
+    'RGB/feature/dimensions': tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
+    'RGB/feature/rate': tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.float32),
+    'clip/data_path': tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string),
+    'clip/end/timestamp': tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
+    'clip/start/timestamp': tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64)
+}
+
+features = {
+    'AUDIO/feature/floats': tf.io.VarLenFeature(dtype=tf.float32),
+    'AUDIO/feature/timestamp': tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.int64),
+    'RGB/feature/floats': tf.io.VarLenFeature(dtype=tf.float32),
+    'RGB/feature/timestamp': tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.int64)
+
+}
+
+
+def parse_exmp(serial_exmp):
+    _, sequence_parsed = tf.io.parse_single_sequence_example(
+        serialized=serial_exmp,
+        context_features=contexts,
+        sequence_features=features)
+
+    sequence_parsed = tf.contrib.learn.run_n(sequence_parsed)[0]
+
+    audio = sequence_parsed['AUDIO/feature/floats'].values
+    rgb = sequence_parsed['RGB/feature/floats'].values
+
+    # print(audio.values)
+    # print(type(audio.values))
+
+    # audio is 128 8bit, rgb is 1024 8bit for every second
+    audio_slices = [audio[128 * i: 128 * (i + 1)] for i in range(len(audio) // 128)]
+    rgb_slices = [rgb[1024 * i: 1024 * (i + 1)] for i in range(len(rgb) // 1024)]
+
+    byte_audio = []
+    byte_rgb = []
+
+    for seg in audio_slices:
+        # audio_seg = quantize(seg)
+        audio_seg = _make_bytes(seg)
+        byte_audio.append(audio_seg)
+
+    for seg in rgb_slices:
+        # rgb_seg = quantize(seg)
+        rgb_seg = _make_bytes(seg)
+        byte_rgb.append(rgb_seg)
+
+    return byte_audio, byte_rgb
+
+
+def make_exmp(id, audio, rgb):
+    audio_features = []
+    rgb_features = []
+
+    for embedding in audio:
+        embedding_feature = tf.train.Feature(
+            bytes_list=tf.train.BytesList(value=[embedding]))
+        audio_features.append(embedding_feature)
+
+    for embedding in rgb:
+        embedding_feature = tf.train.Feature(
+            bytes_list=tf.train.BytesList(value=[embedding]))
+        rgb_features.append(embedding_feature)
+
+    # for construct yt8m data
+    seq_exmp = tf.train.SequenceExample(
+        context=tf.train.Features(
+            feature={
+                'id': tf.train.Feature(bytes_list=tf.train.BytesList(
+                    value=[id.encode('utf-8')]))
+            }),
+        feature_lists=tf.train.FeatureLists(
+            feature_list={
+                'audio': tf.train.FeatureList(
+                    feature=audio_features
+                ),
+                'rgb': tf.train.FeatureList(
+                    feature=rgb_features
+                )
+            })
+    )
+    serialized = seq_exmp.SerializeToString()
+    return serialized
+
+
+def convert_pb(filename):
+    sequence_example = open(filename, 'rb').read()
+
+    audio, rgb = parse_exmp(sequence_example)
+    tmp_example = make_exmp('video', audio, rgb)
+
+    decoded = tf.train.SequenceExample.FromString(tmp_example)
+    return decoded

+import tensorflow as tf
+import numpy as np
+
+frame_lvl_record = "test0000.tfrecord"
+
+feat_rgb = []
+feat_audio = []
+
+for example in tf.python_io.tf_record_iterator(frame_lvl_record):
+    tf_seq_example = tf.train.SequenceExample.FromString(example)
+    test = tf_seq_example.SerializeToString()
+    n_frames = len(tf_seq_example.feature_lists.feature_list['audio'].feature)
+    sess = tf.InteractiveSession()
+    rgb_frame = []
+    audio_frame = []
+    # iterate through frames
+    for i in range(n_frames):
+        rgb_frame.append(tf.cast(tf.decode_raw(
+            tf_seq_example.feature_lists.feature_list['rgb']
+                .feature[i].bytes_list.value[0], tf.uint8)
+            , tf.float32).eval())
+        audio_frame.append(tf.cast(tf.decode_raw(
+            tf_seq_example.feature_lists.feature_list['audio']
+                .feature[i].bytes_list.value[0], tf.uint8)
+            , tf.float32).eval())
+
+    sess.close()
+
+    feat_audio.append(audio_frame)
+    feat_rgb.append(rgb_frame)
+    break
+
+print('The first video has %d frames' %len(feat_rgb[0]))
\ No newline at end of file

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Binary for evaluating Tensorflow models on the YouTube-8M dataset."""
+
+import json
+import os
+import time
+
+from absl import logging
+import eval_util
+import frame_level_models
+import losses
+import readers
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow import flags
+from tensorflow.python.lib.io import file_io
+import utils
+import video_level_models
+
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  # Dataset flags.
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "train_dir", "/tmp/yt8m_model/",
+      "The directory to load the model files from. "
+      "The tensorboard metrics files are also saved to this "
+      "directory.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "eval_data_pattern", "",
+      "File glob defining the evaluation dataset in tensorflow.SequenceExample "
+      "format. The SequenceExamples are expected to have an 'rgb' byte array "
+      "sequence feature as well as a 'labels' int64 context feature.")
+  flags.DEFINE_bool(
+      "segment_labels", False,
+      "If set, then --eval_data_pattern must be frame-level features (but with"
+      " segment_labels). Otherwise, --eval_data_pattern must be aggregated "
+      "video-level features. The model must also be set appropriately (i.e. to "
+      "read 3D batches VS 4D batches.")
+
+  # Other flags.
+  flags.DEFINE_integer("batch_size", 1024,
+                       "How many examples to process per batch.")
+  flags.DEFINE_integer("num_readers", 8,
+                       "How many threads to use for reading input files.")
+  flags.DEFINE_boolean("run_once", False, "Whether to run eval only once.")
+  flags.DEFINE_integer("top_k", 20, "How many predictions to output per video.")
+
+
+def find_class_by_name(name, modules):
+  """Searches the provided modules for the named class and returns it."""
+  modules = [getattr(module, name, None) for module in modules]
+  return next(a for a in modules if a)
+
+
+def get_input_evaluation_tensors(reader,
+                                 data_pattern,
+                                 batch_size=1024,
+                                 num_readers=1):
+  """Creates the section of the graph which reads the evaluation data.
+
+  Args:
+    reader: A class which parses the training data.
+    data_pattern: A 'glob' style path to the data files.
+    batch_size: How many examples to process at a time.
+    num_readers: How many I/O threads to use.
+
+  Returns:
+    A tuple containing the features tensor, labels tensor, and optionally a
+    tensor containing the number of frames per video. The exact dimensions
+    depend on the reader being used.
+
+  Raises:
+    IOError: If no files matching the given pattern were found.
+  """
+  logging.info("Using batch size of %d for evaluation.", batch_size)
+  with tf.name_scope("eval_input"):
+    files = tf.io.gfile.glob(data_pattern)
+    if not files:
+      raise IOError("Unable to find the evaluation files.")
+    logging.info("number of evaluation files: %d", len(files))
+    filename_queue = tf.train.string_input_producer(files,
+                                                    shuffle=False,
+                                                    num_epochs=1)
+    eval_data = [
+        reader.prepare_reader(filename_queue) for _ in range(num_readers)
+    ]
+    return tf.train.batch_join(eval_data,
+                               batch_size=batch_size,
+                               capacity=3 * batch_size,
+                               allow_smaller_final_batch=True,
+                               enqueue_many=True)
+
+
+def build_graph(reader,
+                model,
+                eval_data_pattern,
+                label_loss_fn,
+                batch_size=1024,
+                num_readers=1):
+  """Creates the Tensorflow graph for evaluation.
+
+  Args:
+    reader: The data file reader. It should inherit from BaseReader.
+    model: The core model (e.g. logistic or neural net). It should inherit from
+      BaseModel.
+    eval_data_pattern: glob path to the evaluation data files.
+    label_loss_fn: What kind of loss to apply to the model. It should inherit
+      from BaseLoss.
+    batch_size: How many examples to process at a time.
+    num_readers: How many threads to use for I/O operations.
+  """
+
+  global_step = tf.Variable(0, trainable=False, name="global_step")
+  input_data_dict = get_input_evaluation_tensors(reader,
+                                                 eval_data_pattern,
+                                                 batch_size=batch_size,
+                                                 num_readers=num_readers)
+  video_id_batch = input_data_dict["video_ids"]
+  model_input_raw = input_data_dict["video_matrix"]
+  labels_batch = input_data_dict["labels"]
+  num_frames = input_data_dict["num_frames"]
+  tf.compat.v1.summary.histogram("model_input_raw", model_input_raw)
+
+  feature_dim = len(model_input_raw.get_shape()) - 1
+
+  # Normalize input features.
+  model_input = tf.nn.l2_normalize(model_input_raw, feature_dim)
+
+  with tf.compat.v1.variable_scope("tower"):
+    result = model.create_model(model_input,
+                                num_frames=num_frames,
+                                vocab_size=reader.num_classes,
+                                labels=labels_batch,
+                                is_training=False)
+
+    predictions = result["predictions"]
+    tf.compat.v1.summary.histogram("model_activations", predictions)
+    if "loss" in result.keys():
+      label_loss = result["loss"]
+    else:
+      label_loss = label_loss_fn.calculate_loss(predictions, labels_batch)
+
+  tf.compat.v1.add_to_collection("global_step", global_step)
+  tf.compat.v1.add_to_collection("loss", label_loss)
+  tf.compat.v1.add_to_collection("predictions", predictions)
+  tf.compat.v1.add_to_collection("input_batch", model_input)
+  tf.compat.v1.add_to_collection("input_batch_raw", model_input_raw)
+  tf.compat.v1.add_to_collection("video_id_batch", video_id_batch)
+  tf.compat.v1.add_to_collection("num_frames", num_frames)
+  tf.compat.v1.add_to_collection("labels", tf.cast(labels_batch, tf.float32))
+  if FLAGS.segment_labels:
+    tf.compat.v1.add_to_collection("label_weights",
+                                   input_data_dict["label_weights"])
+  tf.compat.v1.add_to_collection("summary_op", tf.compat.v1.summary.merge_all())
+
+
+def evaluation_loop(fetches, saver, summary_writer, evl_metrics,
+                    last_global_step_val):
+  """Run the evaluation loop once.
+
+  Args:
+    fetches: a dict of tensors to be run within Session.
+    saver: a tensorflow saver to restore the model.
+    summary_writer: a tensorflow summary_writer
+    evl_metrics: an EvaluationMetrics object.
+    last_global_step_val: the global step used in the previous evaluation.
+
+  Returns:
+    The global_step used in the latest model.
+  """
+
+  global_step_val = -1
+  with tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(gpu_options=tf.GPUOptions(
+      allow_growth=True))) as sess:
+    latest_checkpoint = tf.train.latest_checkpoint(FLAGS.train_dir)
+    if latest_checkpoint:
+      logging.info("Loading checkpoint for eval: %s", latest_checkpoint)
+      # Restores from checkpoint
+      saver.restore(sess, latest_checkpoint)
+      # Assuming model_checkpoint_path looks something like:
+      # /my-favorite-path/yt8m_train/model.ckpt-0, extract global_step from it.
+      global_step_val = os.path.basename(latest_checkpoint).split("-")[-1]
+
+      # Save model
+      if FLAGS.segment_labels:
+        inference_model_name = "segment_inference_model"
+      else:
+        inference_model_name = "inference_model"
+      saver.save(
+          sess,
+          os.path.join(FLAGS.train_dir, "inference_model",
+                       inference_model_name))
+    else:
+      logging.info("No checkpoint file found.")
+      return global_step_val
+
+    if global_step_val == last_global_step_val:
+      logging.info(
+          "skip this checkpoint global_step_val=%s "
+          "(same as the previous one).", global_step_val)
+      return global_step_val
+
+    sess.run([tf.local_variables_initializer()])
+
+    # Start the queue runners.
+    coord = tf.train.Coordinator()
+    try:
+      threads = []
+      for qr in tf.compat.v1.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.QUEUE_RUNNERS):
+        threads.extend(
+            qr.create_threads(sess, coord=coord, daemon=True, start=True))
+      logging.info("enter eval_once loop global_step_val = %s. ",
+                   global_step_val)
+
+      evl_metrics.clear()
+
+      examples_processed = 0
+      while not coord.should_stop():
+        batch_start_time = time.time()
+        output_data_dict = sess.run(fetches)
+        seconds_per_batch = time.time() - batch_start_time
+        labels_val = output_data_dict["labels"]
+        summary_val = output_data_dict["summary"]
+        example_per_second = labels_val.shape[0] / seconds_per_batch
+        examples_processed += labels_val.shape[0]
+
+        predictions = output_data_dict["predictions"]
+        if FLAGS.segment_labels:
+          # This is a workaround to ignore the unrated labels.
+          predictions *= output_data_dict["label_weights"]
+        iteration_info_dict = evl_metrics.accumulate(predictions, labels_val,
+                                                     output_data_dict["loss"])
+        iteration_info_dict["examples_per_second"] = example_per_second
+
+        iterinfo = utils.AddGlobalStepSummary(
+            summary_writer,
+            global_step_val,
+            iteration_info_dict,
+            summary_scope="SegEval" if FLAGS.segment_labels else "Eval")
+        logging.info("examples_processed: %d | %s", examples_processed,
+                     iterinfo)
+
+    except tf.errors.OutOfRangeError as e:
+      logging.info(
+          "Done with batched inference. Now calculating global performance "
+          "metrics.")
+      # calculate the metrics for the entire epoch
+      epoch_info_dict = evl_metrics.get()
+      epoch_info_dict["epoch_id"] = global_step_val
+
+      summary_writer.add_summary(summary_val, global_step_val)
+      epochinfo = utils.AddEpochSummary(
+          summary_writer,
+          global_step_val,
+          epoch_info_dict,
+          summary_scope="SegEval" if FLAGS.segment_labels else "Eval")
+      logging.info(epochinfo)
+      evl_metrics.clear()
+    except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+      logging.info("Unexpected exception: %s", str(e))
+      coord.request_stop(e)
+
+    coord.request_stop()
+    coord.join(threads, stop_grace_period_secs=10)
+    logging.info("Total: examples_processed: %d", examples_processed)
+
+    return global_step_val
+
+
+def evaluate():
+  """Starts main evaluation loop."""
+  tf.compat.v1.set_random_seed(0)  # for reproducibility
+
+  # Write json of flags
+  model_flags_path = os.path.join(FLAGS.train_dir, "model_flags.json")
+  if not file_io.file_exists(model_flags_path):
+    raise IOError(("Cannot find file %s. Did you run train.py on the same "
+                   "--train_dir?") % model_flags_path)
+  flags_dict = json.loads(file_io.FileIO(model_flags_path, mode="r").read())
+
+  with tf.Graph().as_default():
+    # convert feature_names and feature_sizes to lists of values
+    feature_names, feature_sizes = utils.GetListOfFeatureNamesAndSizes(
+        flags_dict["feature_names"], flags_dict["feature_sizes"])
+
+    if flags_dict["frame_features"]:
+      reader = readers.YT8MFrameFeatureReader(
+          feature_names=feature_names,
+          feature_sizes=feature_sizes,
+          segment_labels=FLAGS.segment_labels)
+    else:
+      reader = readers.YT8MAggregatedFeatureReader(feature_names=feature_names,
+                                                   feature_sizes=feature_sizes)
+
+    model = find_class_by_name(flags_dict["model"],
+                               [frame_level_models, video_level_models])()
+    label_loss_fn = find_class_by_name(flags_dict["label_loss"], [losses])()
+
+    if not FLAGS.eval_data_pattern:
+      raise IOError("'eval_data_pattern' was not specified. Nothing to "
+                    "evaluate.")
+
+    build_graph(reader=reader,
+                model=model,
+                eval_data_pattern=FLAGS.eval_data_pattern,
+                label_loss_fn=label_loss_fn,
+                num_readers=FLAGS.num_readers,
+                batch_size=FLAGS.batch_size)
+    logging.info("built evaluation graph")
+
+    # A dict of tensors to be run in Session.
+    fetches = {
+        "video_id": tf.compat.v1.get_collection("video_id_batch")[0],
+        "predictions": tf.compat.v1.get_collection("predictions")[0],
+        "labels": tf.compat.v1.get_collection("labels")[0],
+        "loss": tf.compat.v1.get_collection("loss")[0],
+        "summary": tf.compat.v1.get_collection("summary_op")[0]
+    }
+    if FLAGS.segment_labels:
+      fetches["label_weights"] = tf.compat.v1.get_collection("label_weights")[0]
+
+    saver = tf.compat.v1.train.Saver(tf.compat.v1.global_variables())
+    summary_writer = tf.compat.v1.summary.FileWriter(
+        os.path.join(FLAGS.train_dir, "eval"),
+        graph=tf.compat.v1.get_default_graph())
+
+    evl_metrics = eval_util.EvaluationMetrics(reader.num_classes, FLAGS.top_k,
+                                              None)
+
+    last_global_step_val = -1
+    while True:
+      last_global_step_val = evaluation_loop(fetches, saver, summary_writer,
+                                             evl_metrics, last_global_step_val)
+      if FLAGS.run_once:
+        break
+
+
+def main(unused_argv):
+  logging.set_verbosity(logging.INFO)
+  logging.info("tensorflow version: %s", tf.__version__)
+  evaluate()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  tf.compat.v1.app.run()

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Provides functions to help with evaluating models."""
+import average_precision_calculator as ap_calculator
+import mean_average_precision_calculator as map_calculator
+import numpy
+from tensorflow.python.platform import gfile
+
+
+def flatten(l):
+  """Merges a list of lists into a single list. """
+  return [item for sublist in l for item in sublist]
+
+
+def calculate_hit_at_one(predictions, actuals):
+  """Performs a local (numpy) calculation of the hit at one.
+
+  Args:
+    predictions: Matrix containing the outputs of the model. Dimensions are
+      'batch' x 'num_classes'.
+    actuals: Matrix containing the ground truth labels. Dimensions are 'batch' x
+      'num_classes'.
+
+  Returns:
+    float: The average hit at one across the entire batch.
+  """
+  top_prediction = numpy.argmax(predictions, 1)
+  hits = actuals[numpy.arange(actuals.shape[0]), top_prediction]
+  return numpy.average(hits)
+
+
+def calculate_precision_at_equal_recall_rate(predictions, actuals):
+  """Performs a local (numpy) calculation of the PERR.
+
+  Args:
+    predictions: Matrix containing the outputs of the model. Dimensions are
+      'batch' x 'num_classes'.
+    actuals: Matrix containing the ground truth labels. Dimensions are 'batch' x
+      'num_classes'.
+
+  Returns:
+    float: The average precision at equal recall rate across the entire batch.
+  """
+  aggregated_precision = 0.0
+  num_videos = actuals.shape[0]
+  for row in numpy.arange(num_videos):
+    num_labels = int(numpy.sum(actuals[row]))
+    top_indices = numpy.argpartition(predictions[row],
+                                     -num_labels)[-num_labels:]
+    item_precision = 0.0
+    for label_index in top_indices:
+      if predictions[row][label_index] > 0:
+        item_precision += actuals[row][label_index]
+    item_precision /= top_indices.size
+    aggregated_precision += item_precision
+  aggregated_precision /= num_videos
+  return aggregated_precision
+
+
+def calculate_gap(predictions, actuals, top_k=20):
+  """Performs a local (numpy) calculation of the global average precision.
+
+  Only the top_k predictions are taken for each of the videos.
+
+  Args:
+    predictions: Matrix containing the outputs of the model. Dimensions are
+      'batch' x 'num_classes'.
+    actuals: Matrix containing the ground truth labels. Dimensions are 'batch' x
+      'num_classes'.
+    top_k: How many predictions to use per video.
+
+  Returns:
+    float: The global average precision.
+  """
+  gap_calculator = ap_calculator.AveragePrecisionCalculator()
+  sparse_predictions, sparse_labels, num_positives = top_k_by_class(
+      predictions, actuals, top_k)
+  gap_calculator.accumulate(flatten(sparse_predictions), flatten(sparse_labels),
+                            sum(num_positives))
+  return gap_calculator.peek_ap_at_n()
+
+
+def top_k_by_class(predictions, labels, k=20):
+  """Extracts the top k predictions for each video, sorted by class.
+
+  Args:
+    predictions: A numpy matrix containing the outputs of the model. Dimensions
+      are 'batch' x 'num_classes'.
+    k: the top k non-zero entries to preserve in each prediction.
+
+  Returns:
+    A tuple (predictions,labels, true_positives). 'predictions' and 'labels'
+    are lists of lists of floats. 'true_positives' is a list of scalars. The
+    length of the lists are equal to the number of classes. The entries in the
+    predictions variable are probability predictions, and
+    the corresponding entries in the labels variable are the ground truth for
+    those predictions. The entries in 'true_positives' are the number of true
+    positives for each class in the ground truth.
+
+  Raises:
+    ValueError: An error occurred when the k is not a positive integer.
+  """
+  if k <= 0:
+    raise ValueError("k must be a positive integer.")
+  k = min(k, predictions.shape[1])
+  num_classes = predictions.shape[1]
+  prediction_triplets = []
+  for video_index in range(predictions.shape[0]):
+    prediction_triplets.extend(
+        top_k_triplets(predictions[video_index], labels[video_index], k))
+  out_predictions = [[] for _ in range(num_classes)]
+  out_labels = [[] for _ in range(num_classes)]
+  for triplet in prediction_triplets:
+    out_predictions[triplet[0]].append(triplet[1])
+    out_labels[triplet[0]].append(triplet[2])
+  out_true_positives = [numpy.sum(labels[:, i]) for i in range(num_classes)]
+
+  return out_predictions, out_labels, out_true_positives
+
+
+def top_k_triplets(predictions, labels, k=20):
+  """Get the top_k for a 1-d numpy array.
+
+  Returns a sparse list of tuples in
+  (prediction, class) format
+  """
+  m = len(predictions)
+  k = min(k, m)
+  indices = numpy.argpartition(predictions, -k)[-k:]
+  return [(index, predictions[index], labels[index]) for index in indices]
+
+
+class EvaluationMetrics(object):
+  """A class to store the evaluation metrics."""
+
+  def __init__(self, num_class, top_k, top_n):
+    """Construct an EvaluationMetrics object to store the evaluation metrics.
+
+    Args:
+      num_class: A positive integer specifying the number of classes.
+      top_k: A positive integer specifying how many predictions are considered
+        per video.
+      top_n: A positive Integer specifying the average precision at n, or None
+        to use all provided data points.
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: An error occurred when MeanAveragePrecisionCalculator cannot
+        not be constructed.
+    """
+    self.sum_hit_at_one = 0.0
+    self.sum_perr = 0.0
+    self.sum_loss = 0.0
+    self.map_calculator = map_calculator.MeanAveragePrecisionCalculator(
+        num_class, top_n=top_n)
+    self.global_ap_calculator = ap_calculator.AveragePrecisionCalculator()
+    self.top_k = top_k
+    self.num_examples = 0
+
+  def accumulate(self, predictions, labels, loss):
+    """Accumulate the metrics calculated locally for this mini-batch.
+
+    Args:
+      predictions: A numpy matrix containing the outputs of the model.
+        Dimensions are 'batch' x 'num_classes'.
+      labels: A numpy matrix containing the ground truth labels. Dimensions are
+        'batch' x 'num_classes'.
+      loss: A numpy array containing the loss for each sample.
+
+    Returns:
+      dictionary: A dictionary storing the metrics for the mini-batch.
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: An error occurred when the shape of predictions and actuals
+        does not match.
+    """
+    batch_size = labels.shape[0]
+    mean_hit_at_one = calculate_hit_at_one(predictions, labels)
+    mean_perr = calculate_precision_at_equal_recall_rate(predictions, labels)
+    mean_loss = numpy.mean(loss)
+
+    # Take the top 20 predictions.
+    sparse_predictions, sparse_labels, num_positives = top_k_by_class(
+        predictions, labels, self.top_k)
+    self.map_calculator.accumulate(sparse_predictions, sparse_labels,
+                                   num_positives)
+    self.global_ap_calculator.accumulate(flatten(sparse_predictions),
+                                         flatten(sparse_labels),
+                                         sum(num_positives))
+
+    self.num_examples += batch_size
+    self.sum_hit_at_one += mean_hit_at_one * batch_size
+    self.sum_perr += mean_perr * batch_size
+    self.sum_loss += mean_loss * batch_size
+
+    return {"hit_at_one": mean_hit_at_one, "perr": mean_perr, "loss": mean_loss}
+
+  def get(self):
+    """Calculate the evaluation metrics for the whole epoch.
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: If no examples were accumulated.
+
+    Returns:
+      dictionary: a dictionary storing the evaluation metrics for the epoch. The
+        dictionary has the fields: avg_hit_at_one, avg_perr, avg_loss, and
+        aps (default nan).
+    """
+    if self.num_examples <= 0:
+      raise ValueError("total_sample must be positive.")
+    avg_hit_at_one = self.sum_hit_at_one / self.num_examples
+    avg_perr = self.sum_perr / self.num_examples
+    avg_loss = self.sum_loss / self.num_examples
+
+    aps = self.map_calculator.peek_map_at_n()
+    gap = self.global_ap_calculator.peek_ap_at_n()
+
+    epoch_info_dict = {
+        "avg_hit_at_one": avg_hit_at_one,
+        "avg_perr": avg_perr,
+        "avg_loss": avg_loss,
+        "aps": aps,
+        "gap": gap
+    }
+    return epoch_info_dict
+
+  def clear(self):
+    """Clear the evaluation metrics and reset the EvaluationMetrics object."""
+    self.sum_hit_at_one = 0.0
+    self.sum_perr = 0.0
+    self.sum_loss = 0.0
+    self.map_calculator.clear()
+    self.global_ap_calculator.clear()
+    self.num_examples = 0

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Utilities to export a model for batch prediction."""
+
+import tensorflow as tf
+import tensorflow.contrib.slim as slim
+
+from tensorflow.python.saved_model import builder as saved_model_builder
+from tensorflow.python.saved_model import signature_constants
+from tensorflow.python.saved_model import signature_def_utils
+from tensorflow.python.saved_model import tag_constants
+from tensorflow.python.saved_model import utils as saved_model_utils
+
+_TOP_PREDICTIONS_IN_OUTPUT = 20
+
+
+class ModelExporter(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, frame_features, model, reader):
+    self.frame_features = frame_features
+    self.model = model
+    self.reader = reader
+
+    with tf.Graph().as_default() as graph:
+      self.inputs, self.outputs = self.build_inputs_and_outputs()
+      self.graph = graph
+      self.saver = tf.train.Saver(tf.trainable_variables(), sharded=True)
+
+  def export_model(self, model_dir, global_step_val, last_checkpoint):
+    """Exports the model so that it can used for batch predictions."""
+
+    with self.graph.as_default():
+      with tf.Session() as session:
+        session.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
+        self.saver.restore(session, last_checkpoint)
+
+        signature = signature_def_utils.build_signature_def(
+            inputs=self.inputs,
+            outputs=self.outputs,
+            method_name=signature_constants.PREDICT_METHOD_NAME)
+
+        signature_map = {
+            signature_constants.DEFAULT_SERVING_SIGNATURE_DEF_KEY: signature
+        }
+
+        model_builder = saved_model_builder.SavedModelBuilder(model_dir)
+        model_builder.add_meta_graph_and_variables(
+            session,
+            tags=[tag_constants.SERVING],
+            signature_def_map=signature_map,
+            clear_devices=True)
+        model_builder.save()
+
+  def build_inputs_and_outputs(self):
+    if self.frame_features:
+      serialized_examples = tf.placeholder(tf.string, shape=(None,))
+
+      fn = lambda x: self.build_prediction_graph(x)
+      video_id_output, top_indices_output, top_predictions_output = (tf.map_fn(
+          fn, serialized_examples, dtype=(tf.string, tf.int32, tf.float32)))
+
+    else:
+      serialized_examples = tf.placeholder(tf.string, shape=(None,))
+
+      video_id_output, top_indices_output, top_predictions_output = (
+          self.build_prediction_graph(serialized_examples))
+
+    inputs = {
+        "example_bytes":
+            saved_model_utils.build_tensor_info(serialized_examples)
+    }
+
+    outputs = {
+        "video_id":
+            saved_model_utils.build_tensor_info(video_id_output),
+        "class_indexes":
+            saved_model_utils.build_tensor_info(top_indices_output),
+        "predictions":
+            saved_model_utils.build_tensor_info(top_predictions_output)
+    }
+
+    return inputs, outputs
+
+  def build_prediction_graph(self, serialized_examples):
+    input_data_dict = (
+        self.reader.prepare_serialized_examples(serialized_examples))
+    video_id = input_data_dict["video_ids"]
+    model_input_raw = input_data_dict["video_matrix"]
+    labels_batch = input_data_dict["labels"]
+    num_frames = input_data_dict["num_frames"]
+
+    feature_dim = len(model_input_raw.get_shape()) - 1
+    model_input = tf.nn.l2_normalize(model_input_raw, feature_dim)
+
+    with tf.variable_scope("tower"):
+      result = self.model.create_model(model_input,
+                                       num_frames=num_frames,
+                                       vocab_size=self.reader.num_classes,
+                                       labels=labels_batch,
+                                       is_training=False)
+
+      for variable in slim.get_model_variables():
+        tf.summary.histogram(variable.op.name, variable)
+
+      predictions = result["predictions"]
+
+      top_predictions, top_indices = tf.nn.top_k(predictions,
+                                                 _TOP_PREDICTIONS_IN_OUTPUT)
+    return video_id, top_indices, top_predictions

+# Lint as: python3
+import numpy as np
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow import app
+from tensorflow import flags
+
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
+
+
+def main(unused_argv):
+  # Get the input tensor names to be replaced.
+  tf.reset_default_graph()
+  meta_graph_location = FLAGS.checkpoint_file + ".meta"
+  tf.train.import_meta_graph(meta_graph_location, clear_devices=True)
+
+  input_tensor_name = tf.get_collection("input_batch_raw")[0].name
+  num_frames_tensor_name = tf.get_collection("num_frames")[0].name
+
+  # Create output graph.
+  saver = tf.train.Saver()
+  tf.reset_default_graph()
+
+  input_feature_placeholder = tf.placeholder(
+        tf.float32, shape=(None, None, 1152))
+  num_frames_placeholder = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, shape=(None, 1))
+
+  saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph(
+      meta_graph_location,
+      input_map={
+          input_tensor_name: input_feature_placeholder,
+          num_frames_tensor_name: tf.squeeze(num_frames_placeholder, axis=1)
+      },
+      clear_devices=True)
+  predictions_tensor = tf.get_collection("predictions")[0]
+
+  with tf.Session() as sess:
+    print("restoring variables from " + FLAGS.checkpoint_file)
+    saver.restore(sess, FLAGS.checkpoint_file)
+    tf.saved_model.simple_save(
+        sess,
+        FLAGS.output_dir,
+        inputs={'rgb_and_audio': input_feature_placeholder,
+                'num_frames': num_frames_placeholder},
+        outputs={'predictions': predictions_tensor})
+
+    # Try running inference.
+    predictions = sess.run(
+       [predictions_tensor],
+       feed_dict={
+          input_feature_placeholder: np.zeros((3, 7, 1152), dtype=np.float32),
+          num_frames_placeholder: np.array([[7]], dtype=np.int32)})
+    print('Test inference:', predictions)
+
+    print('Model saved to ', FLAGS.output_dir)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  flags.DEFINE_string('checkpoint_file', None, 'Path to the checkpoint file.')
+  flags.DEFINE_string('output_dir', None, 'SavedModel output directory.')
+  app.run(main)

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Contains a collection of models which operate on variable-length sequences."""
+import math
+
+import model_utils as utils
+import models
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow import flags
+import tensorflow.contrib.slim as slim
+import video_level_models
+
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
+flags.DEFINE_integer("iterations", 30, "Number of frames per batch for DBoF.")
+flags.DEFINE_bool("dbof_add_batch_norm", True,
+                  "Adds batch normalization to the DBoF model.")
+flags.DEFINE_bool(
+    "sample_random_frames", True,
+    "If true samples random frames (for frame level models). If false, a random"
+    "sequence of frames is sampled instead.")
+flags.DEFINE_integer("dbof_cluster_size", 8192,
+                     "Number of units in the DBoF cluster layer.")
+flags.DEFINE_integer("dbof_hidden_size", 1024,
+                     "Number of units in the DBoF hidden layer.")
+flags.DEFINE_string(
+    "dbof_pooling_method", "max",
+    "The pooling method used in the DBoF cluster layer. "
+    "Choices are 'average' and 'max'.")
+flags.DEFINE_string(
+    "dbof_activation", "sigmoid",
+    "The nonlinear activation method for cluster and hidden dense layer, e.g., "
+    "sigmoid, relu6, etc.")
+flags.DEFINE_string(
+    "video_level_classifier_model", "MoeModel",
+    "Some Frame-Level models can be decomposed into a "
+    "generalized pooling operation followed by a "
+    "classifier layer")
+flags.DEFINE_integer("lstm_cells", 1024, "Number of LSTM cells.")
+flags.DEFINE_integer("lstm_layers", 2, "Number of LSTM layers.")
+
+
+class FrameLevelLogisticModel(models.BaseModel):
+  """Creates a logistic classifier over the aggregated frame-level features."""
+
+  def create_model(self, model_input, vocab_size, num_frames, **unused_params):
+    """See base class.
+
+    This class is intended to be an example for implementors of frame level
+    models. If you want to train a model over averaged features it is more
+    efficient to average them beforehand rather than on the fly.
+
+    Args:
+      model_input: A 'batch_size' x 'max_frames' x 'num_features' matrix of
+        input features.
+      vocab_size: The number of classes in the dataset.
+      num_frames: A vector of length 'batch' which indicates the number of
+        frames for each video (before padding).
+
+    Returns:
+      A dictionary with a tensor containing the probability predictions of the
+      model in the 'predictions' key. The dimensions of the tensor are
+      'batch_size' x 'num_classes'.
+    """
+    num_frames = tf.cast(tf.expand_dims(num_frames, 1), tf.float32)
+    feature_size = model_input.get_shape().as_list()[2]
+
+    denominators = tf.reshape(tf.tile(num_frames, [1, feature_size]),
+                              [-1, feature_size])
+    avg_pooled = tf.reduce_sum(model_input, axis=[1]) / denominators
+
+    output = slim.fully_connected(avg_pooled,
+                                  vocab_size,
+                                  activation_fn=tf.nn.sigmoid,
+                                  weights_regularizer=slim.l2_regularizer(1e-8))
+    return {"predictions": output}
+
+
+class DbofModel(models.BaseModel):
+  """Creates a Deep Bag of Frames model.
+
+  The model projects the features for each frame into a higher dimensional
+  'clustering' space, pools across frames in that space, and then
+  uses a configurable video-level model to classify the now aggregated features.
+
+  The model will randomly sample either frames or sequences of frames during
+  training to speed up convergence.
+  """
+
+  ACT_FN_MAP = {
+      "sigmoid": tf.nn.sigmoid,
+      "relu6": tf.nn.relu6,
+  }
+
+  def create_model(self,
+                   model_input,
+                   vocab_size,
+                   num_frames,
+                   iterations=None,
+                   add_batch_norm=None,
+                   sample_random_frames=None,
+                   cluster_size=None,
+                   hidden_size=None,
+                   is_training=True,
+                   **unused_params):
+    """See base class.
+
+    Args:
+      model_input: A 'batch_size' x 'max_frames' x 'num_features' matrix of
+        input features.
+      vocab_size: The number of classes in the dataset.
+      num_frames: A vector of length 'batch' which indicates the number of
+        frames for each video (before padding).
+      iterations: the number of frames to be sampled.
+      add_batch_norm: whether to add batch norm during training.
+      sample_random_frames: whether to sample random frames or random sequences.
+      cluster_size: the output neuron number of the cluster layer.
+      hidden_size: the output neuron number of the hidden layer.
+      is_training: whether to build the graph in training mode.
+
+    Returns:
+      A dictionary with a tensor containing the probability predictions of the
+      model in the 'predictions' key. The dimensions of the tensor are
+      'batch_size' x 'num_classes'.
+    """
+    iterations = iterations or FLAGS.iterations
+    add_batch_norm = add_batch_norm or FLAGS.dbof_add_batch_norm
+    random_frames = sample_random_frames or FLAGS.sample_random_frames
+    cluster_size = cluster_size or FLAGS.dbof_cluster_size
+    hidden1_size = hidden_size or FLAGS.dbof_hidden_size
+    act_fn = self.ACT_FN_MAP.get(FLAGS.dbof_activation)
+    assert act_fn is not None, ("dbof_activation is not valid: %s." %
+                                FLAGS.dbof_activation)
+
+    num_frames = tf.cast(tf.expand_dims(num_frames, 1), tf.float32)
+    if random_frames:
+      model_input = utils.SampleRandomFrames(model_input, num_frames,
+                                             iterations)
+    else:
+      model_input = utils.SampleRandomSequence(model_input, num_frames,
+                                               iterations)
+    max_frames = model_input.get_shape().as_list()[1]
+    feature_size = model_input.get_shape().as_list()[2]
+    reshaped_input = tf.reshape(model_input, [-1, feature_size])
+    tf.compat.v1.summary.histogram("input_hist", reshaped_input)
+
+    if add_batch_norm:
+      reshaped_input = slim.batch_norm(reshaped_input,
+                                       center=True,
+                                       scale=True,
+                                       is_training=is_training,
+                                       scope="input_bn")
+
+    cluster_weights = tf.compat.v1.get_variable(
+        "cluster_weights", [feature_size, cluster_size],
+        initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=1 /
+                                                 math.sqrt(feature_size)))
+    tf.compat.v1.summary.histogram("cluster_weights", cluster_weights)
+    activation = tf.matmul(reshaped_input, cluster_weights)
+    if add_batch_norm:
+      activation = slim.batch_norm(activation,
+                                   center=True,
+                                   scale=True,
+                                   is_training=is_training,
+                                   scope="cluster_bn")
+    else:
+      cluster_biases = tf.compat.v1.get_variable(
+          "cluster_biases", [cluster_size],
+          initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=1 /
+                                                   math.sqrt(feature_size)))
+      tf.compat.v1.summary.histogram("cluster_biases", cluster_biases)
+      activation += cluster_biases
+    activation = act_fn(activation)
+    tf.compat.v1.summary.histogram("cluster_output", activation)
+
+    activation = tf.reshape(activation, [-1, max_frames, cluster_size])
+    activation = utils.FramePooling(activation, FLAGS.dbof_pooling_method)
+
+    hidden1_weights = tf.compat.v1.get_variable(
+        "hidden1_weights", [cluster_size, hidden1_size],
+        initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=1 /
+                                                 math.sqrt(cluster_size)))
+    tf.compat.v1.summary.histogram("hidden1_weights", hidden1_weights)
+    activation = tf.matmul(activation, hidden1_weights)
+    if add_batch_norm:
+      activation = slim.batch_norm(activation,
+                                   center=True,
+                                   scale=True,
+                                   is_training=is_training,
+                                   scope="hidden1_bn")
+    else:
+      hidden1_biases = tf.compat.v1.get_variable(
+          "hidden1_biases", [hidden1_size],
+          initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=0.01))
+      tf.compat.v1.summary.histogram("hidden1_biases", hidden1_biases)
+      activation += hidden1_biases
+    activation = act_fn(activation)
+    tf.compat.v1.summary.histogram("hidden1_output", activation)
+
+    aggregated_model = getattr(video_level_models,
+                               FLAGS.video_level_classifier_model)
+    return aggregated_model().create_model(model_input=activation,
+                                           vocab_size=vocab_size,
+                                           **unused_params)
+
+
+class LstmModel(models.BaseModel):
+  """Creates a model which uses a stack of LSTMs to represent the video."""
+
+  def create_model(self, model_input, vocab_size, num_frames, **unused_params):
+    """See base class.
+
+    Args:
+      model_input: A 'batch_size' x 'max_frames' x 'num_features' matrix of
+        input features.
+      vocab_size: The number of classes in the dataset.
+      num_frames: A vector of length 'batch' which indicates the number of
+        frames for each video (before padding).
+
+    Returns:
+      A dictionary with a tensor containing the probability predictions of the
+      model in the 'predictions' key. The dimensions of the tensor are
+      'batch_size' x 'num_classes'.
+    """
+    lstm_size = FLAGS.lstm_cells
+    number_of_layers = FLAGS.lstm_layers
+
+    stacked_lstm = tf.contrib.rnn.MultiRNNCell([
+        tf.contrib.rnn.BasicLSTMCell(lstm_size, forget_bias=1.0)
+        for _ in range(number_of_layers)
+    ])
+
+    _, state = tf.nn.dynamic_rnn(stacked_lstm,
+                                 model_input,
+                                 sequence_length=num_frames,
+                                 dtype=tf.float32)
+
+    aggregated_model = getattr(video_level_models,
+                               FLAGS.video_level_classifier_model)
+
+    return aggregated_model().create_model(model_input=state[-1].h,
+                                           vocab_size=vocab_size,
+                                           **unused_params)

+# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Binary for generating predictions over a set of videos."""
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import glob
+import heapq
+import json
+import os
+import tarfile
+import tempfile
+import time
+import numpy as np
+
+import readers
+from six.moves import urllib
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow import app
+from tensorflow import flags
+from tensorflow import gfile
+from tensorflow import logging
+from tensorflow.python.lib.io import file_io
+import utils
+
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  # Input
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "train_dir", "", "The directory to load the model files from. We assume "
+      "that you have already run eval.py onto this, such that "
+      "inference_model.* files already exist.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "input_data_pattern", "",
+      "File glob defining the evaluation dataset in tensorflow.SequenceExample "
+      "format. The SequenceExamples are expected to have an 'rgb' byte array "
+      "sequence feature as well as a 'labels' int64 context feature.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "input_model_tgz", "",
+      "If given, must be path to a .tgz file that was written "
+      "by this binary using flag --output_model_tgz. In this "
+      "case, the .tgz file will be untarred to "
+      "--untar_model_dir and the model will be used for "
+      "inference.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "untar_model_dir", "/tmp/yt8m-model",
+      "If --input_model_tgz is given, then this directory will "
+      "be created and the contents of the .tgz file will be "
+      "untarred here.")
+  flags.DEFINE_bool(
+      "segment_labels", False,
+      "If set, then --input_data_pattern must be frame-level features (but with"
+      " segment_labels). Otherwise, --input_data_pattern must be aggregated "
+      "video-level features. The model must also be set appropriately (i.e. to "
+      "read 3D batches VS 4D batches.")
+  flags.DEFINE_integer("segment_max_pred", 100000,
+                       "Limit total number of segment outputs per entity.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "segment_label_ids_file",
+      "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/youtube-8m/master/segment_label_ids.csv",
+      "The file that contains the segment label ids.")
+
+  # Output
+  flags.DEFINE_string("output_file", "", "The file to save the predictions to.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "output_model_tgz", "",
+      "If given, should be a filename with a .tgz extension, "
+      "the model graph and checkpoint will be bundled in this "
+      "gzip tar. This file can be uploaded to Kaggle for the "
+      "top 10 participants.")
+  flags.DEFINE_integer("top_k", 20, "How many predictions to output per video.")
+
+  # Other flags.
+  flags.DEFINE_integer("batch_size", 512,
+                       "How many examples to process per batch.")
+  flags.DEFINE_integer("num_readers", 1,
+                       "How many threads to use for reading input files.")
+
+
+def format_lines(video_ids, predictions, top_k, whitelisted_cls_mask=None):
+  """Create an information line the submission file."""
+  batch_size = len(video_ids)
+  for video_index in range(batch_size):
+    video_prediction = predictions[video_index]
+    if whitelisted_cls_mask is not None:
+      # Whitelist classes.
+      video_prediction *= whitelisted_cls_mask
+    top_indices = np.argpartition(video_prediction, -top_k)[-top_k:]
+    line = [(class_index, predictions[video_index][class_index])
+            for class_index in top_indices]
+    line = sorted(line, key=lambda p: -p[1])
+    yield (video_ids[video_index] + "," +
+           " ".join("%i %g" % (label, score) for (label, score) in line) +
+           "\n").encode("utf8")
+
+
+def get_input_data_tensors(reader, data_pattern, batch_size, num_readers=1):
+  """Creates the section of the graph which reads the input data.
+
+  Args:
+    reader: A class which parses the input data.
+    data_pattern: A 'glob' style path to the data files.
+    batch_size: How many examples to process at a time.
+    num_readers: How many I/O threads to use.
+
+  Returns:
+    A tuple containing the features tensor, labels tensor, and optionally a
+    tensor containing the number of frames per video. The exact dimensions
+    depend on the reader being used.
+
+  Raises:
+    IOError: If no files matching the given pattern were found.
+  """
+  with tf.name_scope("input"):
+    files = gfile.Glob(data_pattern)
+    if not files:
+      raise IOError("Unable to find input files. data_pattern='" +
+                    data_pattern + "'")
+    logging.info("number of input files: " + str(len(files)))
+    filename_queue = tf.train.string_input_producer(files,
+                                                    num_epochs=1,
+                                                    shuffle=False)
+    examples_and_labels = [
+        reader.prepare_reader(filename_queue) for _ in range(num_readers)
+    ]
+
+    input_data_dict = (tf.train.batch_join(examples_and_labels,
+                                           batch_size=batch_size,
+                                           allow_smaller_final_batch=True,
+                                           enqueue_many=True))
+    video_id_batch = input_data_dict["video_ids"]
+    video_batch = input_data_dict["video_matrix"]
+    num_frames_batch = input_data_dict["num_frames"]
+    return video_id_batch, video_batch, num_frames_batch
+
+
+def get_segments(batch_video_mtx, batch_num_frames, segment_size):
+  """Get segment-level inputs from frame-level features."""
+  video_batch_size = batch_video_mtx.shape[0]
+  max_frame = batch_video_mtx.shape[1]
+  feature_dim = batch_video_mtx.shape[-1]
+  padded_segment_sizes = (batch_num_frames + segment_size - 1) // segment_size
+  padded_segment_sizes *= segment_size
+  segment_mask = (
+      0 < (padded_segment_sizes[:, np.newaxis] - np.arange(0, max_frame)))
+
+  # Segment bags.
+  frame_bags = batch_video_mtx.reshape((-1, feature_dim))
+  segment_frames = frame_bags[segment_mask.reshape(-1)].reshape(
+      (-1, segment_size, feature_dim))
+
+  # Segment num frames.
+  segment_start_times = np.arange(0, max_frame, segment_size)
+  num_segments = batch_num_frames[:, np.newaxis] - segment_start_times
+  num_segment_bags = num_segments.reshape((-1))
+  valid_segment_mask = num_segment_bags > 0
+  segment_num_frames = num_segment_bags[valid_segment_mask]
+  segment_num_frames[segment_num_frames > segment_size] = segment_size
+
+  max_segment_num = (max_frame + segment_size - 1) // segment_size
+  video_idxs = np.tile(
+      np.arange(0, video_batch_size)[:, np.newaxis], [1, max_segment_num])
+  segment_idxs = np.tile(segment_start_times, [video_batch_size, 1])
+  idx_bags = np.stack([video_idxs, segment_idxs], axis=-1).reshape((-1, 2))
+  video_segment_ids = idx_bags[valid_segment_mask]
+
+  return {
+      "video_batch": segment_frames,
+      "num_frames_batch": segment_num_frames,
+      "video_segment_ids": video_segment_ids
+  }
+
+
+def inference(reader, train_dir, data_pattern, out_file_location, batch_size,
+              top_k):
+  """Inference function."""
+  with tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(
+      allow_soft_placement=True)) as sess, gfile.Open(out_file_location,
+                                                      "w+") as out_file:
+    video_id_batch, video_batch, num_frames_batch = get_input_data_tensors(
+        reader, data_pattern, batch_size)
+    inference_model_name = "segment_inference_model" if FLAGS.segment_labels else "inference_model"
+    checkpoint_file = os.path.join(train_dir, "inference_model",
+                                   inference_model_name)
+    if not gfile.Exists(checkpoint_file + ".meta"):
+      raise IOError("Cannot find %s. Did you run eval.py?" % checkpoint_file)
+    meta_graph_location = checkpoint_file + ".meta"
+    logging.info("loading meta-graph: " + meta_graph_location)
+
+    if FLAGS.output_model_tgz:
+      with tarfile.open(FLAGS.output_model_tgz, "w:gz") as tar:
+        for model_file in glob.glob(checkpoint_file + ".*"):
+          tar.add(model_file, arcname=os.path.basename(model_file))
+        tar.add(os.path.join(train_dir, "model_flags.json"),
+                arcname="model_flags.json")
+      print("Tarred model onto " + FLAGS.output_model_tgz)
+    with tf.device("/cpu:0"):
+      saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph(meta_graph_location,
+                                         clear_devices=True)
+    logging.info("restoring variables from " + checkpoint_file)
+    saver.restore(sess, checkpoint_file)
+    input_tensor = tf.get_collection("input_batch_raw")[0]
+    num_frames_tensor = tf.get_collection("num_frames")[0]
+    predictions_tensor = tf.get_collection("predictions")[0]
+
+    # Workaround for num_epochs issue.
+    def set_up_init_ops(variables):
+      init_op_list = []
+      for variable in list(variables):
+        if "train_input" in variable.name:
+          init_op_list.append(tf.assign(variable, 1))
+          variables.remove(variable)
+      init_op_list.append(tf.variables_initializer(variables))
+      return init_op_list
+
+    sess.run(
+        set_up_init_ops(tf.get_collection_ref(tf.GraphKeys.LOCAL_VARIABLES)))
+
+    coord = tf.train.Coordinator()
+    threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(sess=sess, coord=coord)
+    num_examples_processed = 0
+    start_time = time.time()
+    whitelisted_cls_mask = None
+    if FLAGS.segment_labels:
+      final_out_file = out_file
+      out_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
+      logging.info(
+          "Segment temp prediction output will be written to temp file: %s",
+          out_file.name)
+      if FLAGS.segment_label_ids_file:
+        whitelisted_cls_mask = np.zeros((predictions_tensor.get_shape()[-1],),
+                                        dtype=np.float32)
+        segment_label_ids_file = FLAGS.segment_label_ids_file
+        if segment_label_ids_file.startswith("http"):
+          logging.info("Retrieving segment ID whitelist files from %s...",
+                       segment_label_ids_file)
+          segment_label_ids_file, _ = urllib.request.urlretrieve(
+              segment_label_ids_file)
+        with tf.io.gfile.GFile(segment_label_ids_file) as fobj:
+          for line in fobj:
+            try:
+              cls_id = int(line)
+              whitelisted_cls_mask[cls_id] = 1.
+            except ValueError:
+              # Simply skip the non-integer line.
+              continue
+
+    out_file.write(u"VideoId,LabelConfidencePairs\n".encode("utf8"))
+
+    try:
+      while not coord.should_stop():
+        video_id_batch_val, video_batch_val, num_frames_batch_val = sess.run(
+            [video_id_batch, video_batch, num_frames_batch])
+        if FLAGS.segment_labels:
+          results = get_segments(video_batch_val, num_frames_batch_val, 5)
+          video_segment_ids = results["video_segment_ids"]
+          video_id_batch_val = video_id_batch_val[video_segment_ids[:, 0]]
+          video_id_batch_val = np.array([
+              "%s:%d" % (x.decode("utf8"), y)
+              for x, y in zip(video_id_batch_val, video_segment_ids[:, 1])
+          ])
+          video_batch_val = results["video_batch"]
+          num_frames_batch_val = results["num_frames_batch"]
+          if input_tensor.get_shape()[1] != video_batch_val.shape[1]:
+            raise ValueError("max_frames mismatch. Please re-run the eval.py "
+                             "with correct segment_labels settings.")
+
+        predictions_val, = sess.run([predictions_tensor],
+                                    feed_dict={
+                                        input_tensor: video_batch_val,
+                                        num_frames_tensor: num_frames_batch_val
+                                    })
+        now = time.time()
+        num_examples_processed += len(video_batch_val)
+        elapsed_time = now - start_time
+        logging.info("num examples processed: " + str(num_examples_processed) +
+                     " elapsed seconds: " + "{0:.2f}".format(elapsed_time) +
+                     " examples/sec: %.2f" %
+                     (num_examples_processed / elapsed_time))
+        for line in format_lines(video_id_batch_val, predictions_val, top_k,
+                                 whitelisted_cls_mask):
+          out_file.write(line)
+        out_file.flush()
+
+    except tf.errors.OutOfRangeError:
+      logging.info("Done with inference. The output file was written to " +
+                   out_file.name)
+    finally:
+      coord.request_stop()
+
+      if FLAGS.segment_labels:
+        # Re-read the file and do heap sort.
+        # Create multiple heaps.
+        logging.info("Post-processing segment predictions...")
+        heaps = {}
+        out_file.seek(0, 0)
+        for line in out_file:
+          segment_id, preds = line.decode("utf8").split(",")
+          if segment_id == "VideoId":
+            # Skip the headline.
+            continue
+          preds = preds.split(" ")
+          pred_cls_ids = [int(preds[idx]) for idx in range(0, len(preds), 2)]
+          pred_cls_scores = [
+              float(preds[idx]) for idx in range(1, len(preds), 2)
+          ]
+          for cls, score in zip(pred_cls_ids, pred_cls_scores):
+            if not whitelisted_cls_mask[cls]:
+              # Skip non-whitelisted classes.
+              continue
+            if cls not in heaps:
+              heaps[cls] = []
+            if len(heaps[cls]) >= FLAGS.segment_max_pred:
+              heapq.heappushpop(heaps[cls], (score, segment_id))
+            else:
+              heapq.heappush(heaps[cls], (score, segment_id))
+        logging.info("Writing sorted segment predictions to: %s",
+                     final_out_file.name)
+        final_out_file.write("Class,Segments\n")
+        for cls, cls_heap in heaps.items():
+          cls_heap.sort(key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=True)
+          final_out_file.write("%d,%s\n" %
+                               (cls, " ".join([x[1] for x in cls_heap])))
+        final_out_file.close()
+
+      out_file.close()
+
+    coord.join(threads)
+    sess.close()
+
+
+def main(unused_argv):
+  logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
+  if FLAGS.input_model_tgz:
+    if FLAGS.train_dir:
+      raise ValueError("You cannot supply --train_dir if supplying "
+                       "--input_model_tgz")
+    # Untar.
+    if not os.path.exists(FLAGS.untar_model_dir):
+      os.makedirs(FLAGS.untar_model_dir)
+    tarfile.open(FLAGS.input_model_tgz).extractall(FLAGS.untar_model_dir)
+    FLAGS.train_dir = FLAGS.untar_model_dir
+
+  flags_dict_file = os.path.join(FLAGS.train_dir, "model_flags.json")
+  if not file_io.file_exists(flags_dict_file):
+    raise IOError("Cannot find %s. Did you run eval.py?" % flags_dict_file)
+  flags_dict = json.loads(file_io.FileIO(flags_dict_file, "r").read())
+
+  # convert feature_names and feature_sizes to lists of values
+  feature_names, feature_sizes = utils.GetListOfFeatureNamesAndSizes(
+      flags_dict["feature_names"], flags_dict["feature_sizes"])
+
+  if flags_dict["frame_features"]:
+    reader = readers.YT8MFrameFeatureReader(feature_names=feature_names,
+                                            feature_sizes=feature_sizes)
+  else:
+    reader = readers.YT8MAggregatedFeatureReader(feature_names=feature_names,
+                                                 feature_sizes=feature_sizes)
+
+  if not FLAGS.output_file:
+    raise ValueError("'output_file' was not specified. "
+                     "Unable to continue with inference.")
+
+  if not FLAGS.input_data_pattern:
+    raise ValueError("'input_data_pattern' was not specified. "
+                     "Unable to continue with inference.")
+
+  inference(reader, FLAGS.train_dir, FLAGS.input_data_pattern,
+            FLAGS.output_file, FLAGS.batch_size, FLAGS.top_k)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  app.run()

+# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Binary for generating predictions over a set of videos."""
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import glob
+import heapq
+import json
+import os
+import tarfile
+import tempfile
+import time
+import numpy as np
+
+import readers
+from six.moves import urllib
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow import app
+from tensorflow import flags
+from tensorflow import gfile
+from tensorflow import logging
+from tensorflow.python.lib.io import file_io
+import utils
+from collections import Counter
+
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Input
+    flags.DEFINE_string(
+        "train_dir", "", "The directory to load the model files from. We assume "
+                         "that you have already run eval.py onto this, such that "
+                         "inference_model.* files already exist.")
+    flags.DEFINE_string(
+        "input_data_pattern", "",
+        "File glob defining the evaluation dataset in tensorflow.SequenceExample "
+        "format. The SequenceExamples are expected to have an 'rgb' byte array "
+        "sequence feature as well as a 'labels' int64 context feature.")
+    flags.DEFINE_string(
+        "input_model_tgz", "",
+        "If given, must be path to a .tgz file that was written "
+        "by this binary using flag --output_model_tgz. In this "
+        "case, the .tgz file will be untarred to "
+        "--untar_model_dir and the model will be used for "
+        "inference.")
+    flags.DEFINE_string(
+        "untar_model_dir", "/tmp/yt8m-model",
+        "If --input_model_tgz is given, then this directory will "
+        "be created and the contents of the .tgz file will be "
+        "untarred here.")
+    flags.DEFINE_bool(
+        "segment_labels", False,
+        "If set, then --input_data_pattern must be frame-level features (but with"
+        " segment_labels). Otherwise, --input_data_pattern must be aggregated "
+        "video-level features. The model must also be set appropriately (i.e. to "
+        "read 3D batches VS 4D batches.")
+    flags.DEFINE_integer("segment_max_pred", 100000,
+                         "Limit total number of segment outputs per entity.")
+    flags.DEFINE_string(
+        "segment_label_ids_file",
+        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/youtube-8m/master/segment_label_ids.csv",
+        "The file that contains the segment label ids.")
+
+    # Output
+    flags.DEFINE_string("output_file", "", "The file to save the predictions to.")
+    flags.DEFINE_string(
+        "output_model_tgz", "",
+        "If given, should be a filename with a .tgz extension, "
+        "the model graph and checkpoint will be bundled in this "
+        "gzip tar. This file can be uploaded to Kaggle for the "
+        "top 10 participants.")
+    flags.DEFINE_integer("top_k", 1, "How many predictions to output per video.")
+
+    # Other flags.
+    flags.DEFINE_integer("batch_size", 512,
+                         "How many examples to process per batch.")
+    flags.DEFINE_integer("num_readers", 1,
+                         "How many threads to use for reading input files.")
+
+
+def format_lines(video_ids, predictions, top_k, whitelisted_cls_mask=None):
+    """Create an information line the submission file."""
+    batch_size = len(video_ids)
+    for video_index in range(batch_size):
+        video_prediction = predictions[video_index]
+        if whitelisted_cls_mask is not None:
+            # Whitelist classes.
+            video_prediction *= whitelisted_cls_mask
+        top_indices = np.argpartition(video_prediction, -top_k)[-top_k:]
+        line = [(class_index, predictions[video_index][class_index])
+                for class_index in top_indices]
+        line = sorted(line, key=lambda p: -p[1])
+        yield (video_ids[video_index] + "," +
+               " ".join("%i %g" % (label, score) for (label, score) in line) +
+               "\n").encode("utf8")
+
+
+def get_input_data_tensors(reader, data_pattern, batch_size, num_readers=1):
+    """Creates the section of the graph which reads the input data.
+
+    Args:
+      reader: A class which parses the input data.
+      data_pattern: A 'glob' style path to the data files.
+      batch_size: How many examples to process at a time.
+      num_readers: How many I/O threads to use.
+
+    Returns:
+      A tuple containing the features tensor, labels tensor, and optionally a
+      tensor containing the number of frames per video. The exact dimensions
+      depend on the reader being used.
+
+    Raises:
+      IOError: If no files matching the given pattern were found.
+    """
+    with tf.name_scope("input"):
+        files = gfile.Glob(data_pattern)
+        if not files:
+            raise IOError("Unable to find input files. data_pattern='" +
+                          data_pattern + "'")
+        logging.info("number of input files: " + str(len(files)))
+        filename_queue = tf.train.string_input_producer(files,
+                                                        num_epochs=1,
+                                                        shuffle=False)
+        examples_and_labels = [
+            reader.prepare_reader(filename_queue) for _ in range(num_readers)
+        ]
+
+        input_data_dict = (tf.train.batch_join(examples_and_labels,
+                                               batch_size=batch_size,
+                                               allow_smaller_final_batch=True,
+                                               enqueue_many=True))
+        video_id_batch = input_data_dict["video_ids"]
+        video_batch = input_data_dict["video_matrix"]
+        num_frames_batch = input_data_dict["num_frames"]
+        return video_id_batch, video_batch, num_frames_batch
+
+
+def get_segments(batch_video_mtx, batch_num_frames, segment_size):
+    """Get segment-level inputs from frame-level features."""
+    video_batch_size = batch_video_mtx.shape[0]
+    max_frame = batch_video_mtx.shape[1]
+    feature_dim = batch_video_mtx.shape[-1]
+    padded_segment_sizes = (batch_num_frames + segment_size - 1) // segment_size
+    padded_segment_sizes *= segment_size
+    segment_mask = (
+            0 < (padded_segment_sizes[:, np.newaxis] - np.arange(0, max_frame)))
+
+    # Segment bags.
+    frame_bags = batch_video_mtx.reshape((-1, feature_dim))
+    segment_frames = frame_bags[segment_mask.reshape(-1)].reshape(
+        (-1, segment_size, feature_dim))
+
+    # Segment num frames.
+    segment_start_times = np.arange(0, max_frame, segment_size)
+    num_segments = batch_num_frames[:, np.newaxis] - segment_start_times
+    num_segment_bags = num_segments.reshape((-1))
+    valid_segment_mask = num_segment_bags > 0
+    segment_num_frames = num_segment_bags[valid_segment_mask]
+    segment_num_frames[segment_num_frames > segment_size] = segment_size
+
+    max_segment_num = (max_frame + segment_size - 1) // segment_size
+    video_idxs = np.tile(
+        np.arange(0, video_batch_size)[:, np.newaxis], [1, max_segment_num])
+    segment_idxs = np.tile(segment_start_times, [video_batch_size, 1])
+    idx_bags = np.stack([video_idxs, segment_idxs], axis=-1).reshape((-1, 2))
+    video_segment_ids = idx_bags[valid_segment_mask]
+
+    return {
+        "video_batch": segment_frames,
+        "num_frames_batch": segment_num_frames,
+        "video_segment_ids": video_segment_ids
+    }
+
+
+def inference(reader, train_dir, data_pattern, out_file_location, batch_size,
+              top_k):
+    """Inference function."""
+    with tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(
+            allow_soft_placement=True)) as sess, gfile.Open(out_file_location,
+                                                            "w+") as out_file:
+        video_id_batch, video_batch, num_frames_batch = get_input_data_tensors(
+            reader, data_pattern, batch_size)
+        inference_model_name = "segment_inference_model" if FLAGS.segment_labels else "inference_model"
+        checkpoint_file = os.path.join(train_dir, "inference_model",
+                                       inference_model_name)
+        if not gfile.Exists(checkpoint_file + ".meta"):
+            raise IOError("Cannot find %s. Did you run eval.py?" % checkpoint_file)
+        meta_graph_location = checkpoint_file + ".meta"
+        logging.info("loading meta-graph: " + meta_graph_location)
+
+        if FLAGS.output_model_tgz:
+            with tarfile.open(FLAGS.output_model_tgz, "w:gz") as tar:
+                for model_file in glob.glob(checkpoint_file + ".*"):
+                    tar.add(model_file, arcname=os.path.basename(model_file))
+                tar.add(os.path.join(train_dir, "model_flags.json"),
+                        arcname="model_flags.json")
+            print("Tarred model onto " + FLAGS.output_model_tgz)
+        with tf.device("/cpu:0"):
+            saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph(meta_graph_location,
+                                               clear_devices=True)
+        logging.info("restoring variables from " + checkpoint_file)
+        saver.restore(sess, checkpoint_file)
+        input_tensor = tf.get_collection("input_batch_raw")[0]
+        num_frames_tensor = tf.get_collection("num_frames")[0]
+        predictions_tensor = tf.get_collection("predictions")[0]
+
+        # Workaround for num_epochs issue.
+        def set_up_init_ops(variables):
+            init_op_list = []
+            for variable in list(variables):
+                if "train_input" in variable.name:
+                    init_op_list.append(tf.assign(variable, 1))
+                    variables.remove(variable)
+            init_op_list.append(tf.variables_initializer(variables))
+            return init_op_list
+
+        sess.run(
+            set_up_init_ops(tf.get_collection_ref(tf.GraphKeys.LOCAL_VARIABLES)))
+
+        coord = tf.train.Coordinator()
+        threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(sess=sess, coord=coord)
+        num_examples_processed = 0
+        start_time = time.time()
+        whitelisted_cls_mask = None
+        if FLAGS.segment_labels:
+            final_out_file = out_file
+            out_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
+            logging.info(
+                "Segment temp prediction output will be written to temp file: %s",
+                out_file.name)
+            if FLAGS.segment_label_ids_file:
+                whitelisted_cls_mask = np.zeros((predictions_tensor.get_shape()[-1],),
+                                                dtype=np.float32)
+                segment_label_ids_file = FLAGS.segment_label_ids_file
+                if segment_label_ids_file.startswith("http"):
+                    logging.info("Retrieving segment ID whitelist files from %s...",
+                                 segment_label_ids_file)
+                    segment_label_ids_file, _ = urllib.request.urlretrieve(
+                        segment_label_ids_file)
+                with tf.io.gfile.GFile(segment_label_ids_file) as fobj:
+                    for line in fobj:
+                        try:
+                            cls_id = int(line)
+                            whitelisted_cls_mask[cls_id] = 1.
+                        except ValueError:
+                            # Simply skip the non-integer line.
+                            continue
+
+        out_file.write(u"VideoId,LabelConfidencePairs\n".encode("utf8"))
+
+        try:
+            while not coord.should_stop():
+                video_id_batch_val, video_batch_val, num_frames_batch_val = sess.run(
+                    [video_id_batch, video_batch, num_frames_batch])
+                if FLAGS.segment_labels:
+                    results = get_segments(video_batch_val, num_frames_batch_val, 5)
+                    video_segment_ids = results["video_segment_ids"]
+                    video_id_batch_val = video_id_batch_val[video_segment_ids[:, 0]]
+                    video_id_batch_val = np.array([
+                        "%s:%d" % (x.decode("utf8"), y)
+                        for x, y in zip(video_id_batch_val, video_segment_ids[:, 1])
+                    ])
+                    video_batch_val = results["video_batch"]
+                    num_frames_batch_val = results["num_frames_batch"]
+                    if input_tensor.get_shape()[1] != video_batch_val.shape[1]:
+                        raise ValueError("max_frames mismatch. Please re-run the eval.py "
+                                         "with correct segment_labels settings.")
+
+                predictions_val, = sess.run([predictions_tensor],
+                                            feed_dict={
+                                                input_tensor: video_batch_val,
+                                                num_frames_tensor: num_frames_batch_val
+                                            })
+                now = time.time()
+                num_examples_processed += len(video_batch_val)
+                elapsed_time = now - start_time
+                logging.info("num examples processed: " + str(num_examples_processed) +
+                             " elapsed seconds: " + "{0:.2f}".format(elapsed_time) +
+                             " examples/sec: %.2f" %
+                             (num_examples_processed / elapsed_time))
+                for line in format_lines(video_id_batch_val, predictions_val, top_k,
+                                         whitelisted_cls_mask):
+                    out_file.write(line)
+                out_file.flush()
+
+        except tf.errors.OutOfRangeError:
+            logging.info("Done with inference. The output file was written to " +
+                         out_file.name)
+        finally:
+            coord.request_stop()
+
+            if FLAGS.segment_labels:
+                # Re-read the file and do heap sort.
+                # Create multiple heaps.
+                logging.info("Post-processing segment predictions...")
+                segment_id_list = []
+                segment_classes = []
+                cls_result_arr = []
+                out_file.seek(0, 0)
+                for line in out_file:
+                    segment_id, preds = line.decode("utf8").split(",")
+                    if segment_id == "VideoId":
+                        # Skip the headline.
+                        continue
+
+                    preds = preds.split(" ")
+                    pred_cls_ids = [int(preds[idx]) for idx in range(0, len(preds), 2)]
+                    # =======================================
+                    segment_id = str(segment_id.split(":")[0])
+                    if segment_id not in segment_id_list:
+                        segment_id_list.append(str(segment_id))
+                        segment_classes.append("")
+
+                    index = segment_id_list.index(segment_id)
+                    for classes in pred_cls_ids:
+                        segment_classes[index] = str(segment_classes[index]) + str(
+                            classes) + " "  # append classes from new segment
+
+                for segs, item in zip(segment_id_list, segment_classes):
+                    print('====== R E C O R D ======')
+                    cls_arr = item.split(" ")[:-1]
+
+                    cls_arr = list(map(int, cls_arr))
+                    cls_arr = sorted(cls_arr)
+
+                    result_string = ""
+
+                    temp = Counter(cls_arr)
+                    for item in temp:
+                        result_string = result_string + str(item) + ":" + str(temp[item]) + ","
+
+                    cls_result_arr.append(result_string[:-1])
+                    logging.info(segs + " : " + result_string[:-1])
+                # =======================================
+                final_out_file.write("vid_id,seg_classes\n")
+                for seg_id, class_indcies in zip(segment_id_list, cls_result_arr):
+                    final_out_file.write("%s,%s\n" % (seg_id, str(class_indcies)))
+                final_out_file.close()
+
+            out_file.close()
+
+        coord.join(threads)
+        sess.close()
+
+
+def main(unused_argv):
+    logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
+    if FLAGS.input_model_tgz:
+        if FLAGS.train_dir:
+            raise ValueError("You cannot supply --train_dir if supplying "
+                             "--input_model_tgz")
+        # Untar.
+        if not os.path.exists(FLAGS.untar_model_dir):
+            os.makedirs(FLAGS.untar_model_dir)
+        tarfile.open(FLAGS.input_model_tgz).extractall(FLAGS.untar_model_dir)
+        FLAGS.train_dir = FLAGS.untar_model_dir
+
+    flags_dict_file = os.path.join(FLAGS.train_dir, "model_flags.json")
+    if not file_io.file_exists(flags_dict_file):
+        raise IOError("Cannot find %s. Did you run eval.py?" % flags_dict_file)
+    flags_dict = json.loads(file_io.FileIO(flags_dict_file, "r").read())
+
+    # convert feature_names and feature_sizes to lists of values
+    feature_names, feature_sizes = utils.GetListOfFeatureNamesAndSizes(
+        flags_dict["feature_names"], flags_dict["feature_sizes"])
+
+    if flags_dict["frame_features"]:
+        reader = readers.YT8MFrameFeatureReader(feature_names=feature_names,
+                                                feature_sizes=feature_sizes)
+    else:
+        reader = readers.YT8MAggregatedFeatureReader(feature_names=feature_names,
+                                                     feature_sizes=feature_sizes)
+
+    if not FLAGS.output_file:
+        raise ValueError("'output_file' was not specified. "
+                         "Unable to continue with inference.")
+
+    if not FLAGS.input_data_pattern:
+        raise ValueError("'input_data_pattern' was not specified. "
+                         "Unable to continue with inference.")
+
+    inference(reader, FLAGS.train_dir, FLAGS.input_data_pattern,
+              FLAGS.output_file, FLAGS.batch_size, FLAGS.top_k)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    app.run()

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Provides definitions for non-regularized training or test losses."""
+
+import tensorflow as tf
+
+
+class BaseLoss(object):
+  """Inherit from this class when implementing new losses."""
+
+  def calculate_loss(self, unused_predictions, unused_labels, **unused_params):
+    """Calculates the average loss of the examples in a mini-batch.
+
+     Args:
+      unused_predictions: a 2-d tensor storing the prediction scores, in which
+        each row represents a sample in the mini-batch and each column
+        represents a class.
+      unused_labels: a 2-d tensor storing the labels, which has the same shape
+        as the unused_predictions. The labels must be in the range of 0 and 1.
+      unused_params: loss specific parameters.
+
+    Returns:
+      A scalar loss tensor.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class CrossEntropyLoss(BaseLoss):
+  """Calculate the cross entropy loss between the predictions and labels."""
+
+  def calculate_loss(self,
+                     predictions,
+                     labels,
+                     label_weights=None,
+                     **unused_params):
+    with tf.name_scope("loss_xent"):
+      epsilon = 1e-5
+      float_labels = tf.cast(labels, tf.float32)
+      cross_entropy_loss = float_labels * tf.math.log(predictions + epsilon) + (
+          1 - float_labels) * tf.math.log(1 - predictions + epsilon)
+      cross_entropy_loss = tf.negative(cross_entropy_loss)
+      if label_weights is not None:
+        cross_entropy_loss *= label_weights
+      return tf.reduce_mean(tf.reduce_sum(cross_entropy_loss, 1))
+
+
+class HingeLoss(BaseLoss):
+  """Calculate the hinge loss between the predictions and labels.
+
+  Note the subgradient is used in the backpropagation, and thus the optimization
+  may converge slower. The predictions trained by the hinge loss are between -1
+  and +1.
+  """
+
+  def calculate_loss(self, predictions, labels, b=1.0, **unused_params):
+    with tf.name_scope("loss_hinge"):
+      float_labels = tf.cast(labels, tf.float32)
+      all_zeros = tf.zeros(tf.shape(float_labels), dtype=tf.float32)
+      all_ones = tf.ones(tf.shape(float_labels), dtype=tf.float32)
+      sign_labels = tf.subtract(tf.scalar_mul(2, float_labels), all_ones)
+      hinge_loss = tf.maximum(
+          all_zeros,
+          tf.scalar_mul(b, all_ones) - sign_labels * predictions)
+      return tf.reduce_mean(tf.reduce_sum(hinge_loss, 1))
+
+
+class SoftmaxLoss(BaseLoss):
+  """Calculate the softmax loss between the predictions and labels.
+
+  The function calculates the loss in the following way: first we feed the
+  predictions to the softmax activation function and then we calculate
+  the minus linear dot product between the logged softmax activations and the
+  normalized ground truth label.
+
+  It is an extension to the one-hot label. It allows for more than one positive
+  labels for each sample.
+  """
+
+  def calculate_loss(self, predictions, labels, **unused_params):
+    with tf.name_scope("loss_softmax"):
+      epsilon = 10e-8
+      float_labels = tf.cast(labels, tf.float32)
+      # l1 normalization (labels are no less than 0)
+      label_rowsum = tf.maximum(tf.reduce_sum(float_labels, 1, keep_dims=True),
+                                epsilon)
+      norm_float_labels = tf.div(float_labels, label_rowsum)
+      softmax_outputs = tf.nn.softmax(predictions)
+      softmax_loss = tf.negative(
+          tf.reduce_sum(tf.multiply(norm_float_labels, tf.log(softmax_outputs)),
+                        1))
+    return tf.reduce_mean(softmax_loss)

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Calculate the mean average precision.
+
+It provides an interface for calculating mean average precision
+for an entire list or the top-n ranked items.
+
+Example usages:
+We first call the function accumulate many times to process parts of the ranked
+list. After processing all the parts, we call peek_map_at_n
+to calculate the mean average precision.
+
+```
+import random
+
+p = np.array([[random.random() for _ in xrange(50)] for _ in xrange(1000)])
+a = np.array([[random.choice([0, 1]) for _ in xrange(50)]
+     for _ in xrange(1000)])
+
+# mean average precision for 50 classes.
+calculator = mean_average_precision_calculator.MeanAveragePrecisionCalculator(
+            num_class=50)
+calculator.accumulate(p, a)
+aps = calculator.peek_map_at_n()
+```
+"""
+
+import average_precision_calculator
+
+
+class MeanAveragePrecisionCalculator(object):
+  """This class is to calculate mean average precision."""
+
+  def __init__(self, num_class, filter_empty_classes=True, top_n=None):
+    """Construct a calculator to calculate the (macro) average precision.
+
+    Args:
+      num_class: A positive Integer specifying the number of classes.
+      filter_empty_classes: whether to filter classes without any positives.
+      top_n: A positive Integer specifying the average precision at n, or None
+        to use all provided data points.
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: An error occurred when num_class is not a positive integer;
+      or the top_n_array is not a list of positive integers.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(num_class, int) or num_class <= 1:
+      raise ValueError("num_class must be a positive integer.")
+
+    self._ap_calculators = []  # member of AveragePrecisionCalculator
+    self._num_class = num_class  # total number of classes
+    self._filter_empty_classes = filter_empty_classes
+    for _ in range(num_class):
+      self._ap_calculators.append(
+          average_precision_calculator.AveragePrecisionCalculator(top_n=top_n))
+
+  def accumulate(self, predictions, actuals, num_positives=None):
+    """Accumulate the predictions and their ground truth labels.
+
+    Args:
+      predictions: A list of lists storing the prediction scores. The outer
+        dimension corresponds to classes.
+      actuals: A list of lists storing the ground truth labels. The dimensions
+        should correspond to the predictions input. Any value larger than 0 will
+        be treated as positives, otherwise as negatives.
+      num_positives: If provided, it is a list of numbers representing the
+        number of true positives for each class. If not provided, the number of
+        true positives will be inferred from the 'actuals' array.
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: An error occurred when the shape of predictions and actuals
+      does not match.
+    """
+    if not num_positives:
+      num_positives = [None for i in range(self._num_class)]
+
+    calculators = self._ap_calculators
+    for i in range(self._num_class):
+      calculators[i].accumulate(predictions[i], actuals[i], num_positives[i])
+
+  def clear(self):
+    for calculator in self._ap_calculators:
+      calculator.clear()
+
+  def is_empty(self):
+    return ([calculator.heap_size for calculator in self._ap_calculators
+            ] == [0 for _ in range(self._num_class)])
+
+  def peek_map_at_n(self):
+    """Peek the non-interpolated mean average precision at n.
+
+    Returns:
+      An array of non-interpolated average precision at n (default 0) for each
+      class.
+    """
+    aps = []
+    for i in range(self._num_class):
+      if (not self._filter_empty_classes or
+          self._ap_calculators[i].num_accumulated_positives > 0):
+        ap = self._ap_calculators[i].peek_ap_at_n()
+        aps.append(ap)
+    return aps

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Contains a collection of util functions for model construction."""
+import numpy
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow import logging
+from tensorflow import flags
+import tensorflow.contrib.slim as slim
+
+
+def SampleRandomSequence(model_input, num_frames, num_samples):
+  """Samples a random sequence of frames of size num_samples.
+
+  Args:
+    model_input: A tensor of size batch_size x max_frames x feature_size
+    num_frames: A tensor of size batch_size x 1
+    num_samples: A scalar
+
+  Returns:
+    `model_input`: A tensor of size batch_size x num_samples x feature_size
+  """
+
+  batch_size = tf.shape(model_input)[0]
+  frame_index_offset = tf.tile(tf.expand_dims(tf.range(num_samples), 0),
+                               [batch_size, 1])
+  max_start_frame_index = tf.maximum(num_frames - num_samples, 0)
+  start_frame_index = tf.cast(
+      tf.multiply(tf.random_uniform([batch_size, 1]),
+                  tf.cast(max_start_frame_index + 1, tf.float32)), tf.int32)
+  frame_index = tf.minimum(start_frame_index + frame_index_offset,
+                           tf.cast(num_frames - 1, tf.int32))
+  batch_index = tf.tile(tf.expand_dims(tf.range(batch_size), 1),
+                        [1, num_samples])
+  index = tf.stack([batch_index, frame_index], 2)
+  return tf.gather_nd(model_input, index)
+
+
+def SampleRandomFrames(model_input, num_frames, num_samples):
+  """Samples a random set of frames of size num_samples.
+
+  Args:
+    model_input: A tensor of size batch_size x max_frames x feature_size
+    num_frames: A tensor of size batch_size x 1
+    num_samples: A scalar
+
+  Returns:
+    `model_input`: A tensor of size batch_size x num_samples x feature_size
+  """
+  batch_size = tf.shape(model_input)[0]
+  frame_index = tf.cast(
+      tf.multiply(tf.random_uniform([batch_size, num_samples]),
+                  tf.tile(tf.cast(num_frames, tf.float32), [1, num_samples])),
+      tf.int32)
+  batch_index = tf.tile(tf.expand_dims(tf.range(batch_size), 1),
+                        [1, num_samples])
+  index = tf.stack([batch_index, frame_index], 2)
+  return tf.gather_nd(model_input, index)
+
+
+def FramePooling(frames, method, **unused_params):
+  """Pools over the frames of a video.
+
+  Args:
+    frames: A tensor with shape [batch_size, num_frames, feature_size].
+    method: "average", "max", "attention", or "none".
+
+  Returns:
+    A tensor with shape [batch_size, feature_size] for average, max, or
+    attention pooling. A tensor with shape [batch_size*num_frames, feature_size]
+    for none pooling.
+
+  Raises:
+    ValueError: if method is other than "average", "max", "attention", or
+    "none".
+  """
+  if method == "average":
+    return tf.reduce_mean(frames, 1)
+  elif method == "max":
+    return tf.reduce_max(frames, 1)
+  elif method == "none":
+    feature_size = frames.shape_as_list()[2]
+    return tf.reshape(frames, [-1, feature_size])
+  else:
+    raise ValueError("Unrecognized pooling method: %s" % method)

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Contains the base class for models."""
+
+
+class BaseModel(object):
+  """Inherit from this class when implementing new models."""
+
+  def create_model(self, unused_model_input, **unused_params):
+    raise NotImplementedError()

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Provides readers configured for different datasets."""
+
+import tensorflow as tf
+import utils
+
+
+def resize_axis(tensor, axis, new_size, fill_value=0):
+  """Truncates or pads a tensor to new_size on on a given axis.
+
+  Truncate or extend tensor such that tensor.shape[axis] == new_size. If the
+  size increases, the padding will be performed at the end, using fill_value.
+
+  Args:
+    tensor: The tensor to be resized.
+    axis: An integer representing the dimension to be sliced.
+    new_size: An integer or 0d tensor representing the new value for
+      tensor.shape[axis].
+    fill_value: Value to use to fill any new entries in the tensor. Will be cast
+      to the type of tensor.
+
+  Returns:
+    The resized tensor.
+  """
+  tensor = tf.convert_to_tensor(tensor)
+  shape = tf.unstack(tf.shape(tensor))
+
+  pad_shape = shape[:]
+  pad_shape[axis] = tf.maximum(0, new_size - shape[axis])
+
+  shape[axis] = tf.minimum(shape[axis], new_size)
+  shape = tf.stack(shape)
+
+  resized = tf.concat([
+      tf.slice(tensor, tf.zeros_like(shape), shape),
+      tf.fill(tf.stack(pad_shape), tf.cast(fill_value, tensor.dtype))
+  ], axis)
+
+  # Update shape.
+  new_shape = tensor.get_shape().as_list()  # A copy is being made.
+  new_shape[axis] = new_size
+  resized.set_shape(new_shape)
+  return resized
+
+
+class BaseReader(object):
+  """Inherit from this class when implementing new readers."""
+
+  def prepare_reader(self, unused_filename_queue):
+    """Create a thread for generating prediction and label tensors."""
+    raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class YT8MAggregatedFeatureReader(BaseReader):
+  """Reads TFRecords of pre-aggregated Examples.
+
+  The TFRecords must contain Examples with a sparse int64 'labels' feature and
+  a fixed length float32 feature, obtained from the features in 'feature_name'.
+  The float features are assumed to be an average of dequantized values.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(  # pylint: disable=dangerous-default-value
+      self,
+      num_classes=3862,
+      feature_sizes=[1024, 128],
+      feature_names=["mean_rgb", "mean_audio"]):
+    """Construct a YT8MAggregatedFeatureReader.
+
+    Args:
+      num_classes: a positive integer for the number of classes.
+      feature_sizes: positive integer(s) for the feature dimensions as a list.
+      feature_names: the feature name(s) in the tensorflow record as a list.
+    """
+
+    assert len(feature_names) == len(feature_sizes), (
+        "length of feature_names (={}) != length of feature_sizes (={})".format(
+            len(feature_names), len(feature_sizes)))
+
+    self.num_classes = num_classes
+    self.feature_sizes = feature_sizes
+    self.feature_names = feature_names
+
+  def prepare_reader(self, filename_queue, batch_size=1024):
+    """Creates a single reader thread for pre-aggregated YouTube 8M Examples.
+
+    Args:
+      filename_queue: A tensorflow queue of filename locations.
+      batch_size: batch size used for feature output.
+
+    Returns:
+      A dict of video indexes, features, labels, and frame counts.
+    """
+    reader = tf.TFRecordReader()
+    _, serialized_examples = reader.read_up_to(filename_queue, batch_size)
+
+    tf.add_to_collection("serialized_examples", serialized_examples)
+    return self.prepare_serialized_examples(serialized_examples)
+
+  def prepare_serialized_examples(self, serialized_examples):
+    """Parse a single video-level TF Example."""
+    # set the mapping from the fields to data types in the proto
+    num_features = len(self.feature_names)
+    assert num_features > 0, "self.feature_names is empty!"
+    assert len(self.feature_names) == len(self.feature_sizes), \
+    "length of feature_names (={}) != length of feature_sizes (={})".format(
+        len(self.feature_names), len(self.feature_sizes))
+
+    feature_map = {
+        "id": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string),
+        "labels": tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.int64)
+    }
+    for feature_index in range(num_features):
+      feature_map[self.feature_names[feature_index]] = tf.FixedLenFeature(
+          [self.feature_sizes[feature_index]], tf.float32)
+
+    features = tf.parse_example(serialized_examples, features=feature_map)
+    labels = tf.sparse_to_indicator(features["labels"], self.num_classes)
+    labels.set_shape([None, self.num_classes])
+    concatenated_features = tf.concat(
+        [features[feature_name] for feature_name in self.feature_names], 1)
+
+    output_dict = {
+        "video_ids": features["id"],
+        "video_matrix": concatenated_features,
+        "labels": labels,
+        "num_frames": tf.ones([tf.shape(serialized_examples)[0]])
+    }
+
+    return output_dict
+
+
+class YT8MFrameFeatureReader(BaseReader):
+  """Reads TFRecords of SequenceExamples.
+
+  The TFRecords must contain SequenceExamples with the sparse in64 'labels'
+  context feature and a fixed length byte-quantized feature vector, obtained
+  from the features in 'feature_names'. The quantized features will be mapped
+  back into a range between min_quantized_value and max_quantized_value.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(  # pylint: disable=dangerous-default-value
+      self,
+      num_classes=3862,
+      feature_sizes=[1024, 128],
+      feature_names=["rgb", "audio"],
+      max_frames=300,
+      segment_labels=False,
+      segment_size=5):
+    """Construct a YT8MFrameFeatureReader.
+
+    Args:
+      num_classes: a positive integer for the number of classes.
+      feature_sizes: positive integer(s) for the feature dimensions as a list.
+      feature_names: the feature name(s) in the tensorflow record as a list.
+      max_frames: the maximum number of frames to process.
+      segment_labels: if we read segment labels instead.
+      segment_size: the segment_size used for reading segments.
+    """
+
+    assert len(feature_names) == len(feature_sizes), (
+        "length of feature_names (={}) != length of feature_sizes (={})".format(
+            len(feature_names), len(feature_sizes)))
+
+    self.num_classes = num_classes
+    self.feature_sizes = feature_sizes
+    self.feature_names = feature_names
+    self.max_frames = max_frames
+    self.segment_labels = segment_labels
+    self.segment_size = segment_size
+
+  def get_video_matrix(self, features, feature_size, max_frames,
+                       max_quantized_value, min_quantized_value):
+    """Decodes features from an input string and quantizes it.
+
+    Args:
+      features: raw feature values
+      feature_size: length of each frame feature vector
+      max_frames: number of frames (rows) in the output feature_matrix
+      max_quantized_value: the maximum of the quantized value.
+      min_quantized_value: the minimum of the quantized value.
+
+    Returns:
+      feature_matrix: matrix of all frame-features
+      num_frames: number of frames in the sequence
+    """
+    decoded_features = tf.reshape(
+        tf.cast(tf.decode_raw(features, tf.uint8), tf.float32),
+        [-1, feature_size])
+
+    num_frames = tf.minimum(tf.shape(decoded_features)[0], max_frames)
+    feature_matrix = utils.Dequantize(decoded_features, max_quantized_value,
+                                      min_quantized_value)
+    feature_matrix = resize_axis(feature_matrix, 0, max_frames)
+    return feature_matrix, num_frames
+
+  def prepare_reader(self,
+                     filename_queue,
+                     max_quantized_value=2,
+                     min_quantized_value=-2):
+    """Creates a single reader thread for YouTube8M SequenceExamples.
+
+    Args:
+      filename_queue: A tensorflow queue of filename locations.
+      max_quantized_value: the maximum of the quantized value.
+      min_quantized_value: the minimum of the quantized value.
+
+    Returns:
+      A dict of video indexes, video features, labels, and frame counts.
+    """
+    reader = tf.TFRecordReader()
+    _, serialized_example = reader.read(filename_queue)
+
+    return self.prepare_serialized_examples(serialized_example,
+                                            max_quantized_value,
+                                            min_quantized_value)
+
+  def prepare_serialized_examples(self,
+                                  serialized_example,
+                                  max_quantized_value=2,
+                                  min_quantized_value=-2):
+    """Parse single serialized SequenceExample from the TFRecords."""
+
+    # Read/parse frame/segment-level labels.
+    context_features = {
+        "id": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string),
+    }
+    if self.segment_labels:
+      context_features.update({
+          # There is no need to read end-time given we always assume the segment
+          # has the same size.
+          "segment_labels": tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.int64),
+          "segment_start_times": tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.int64),
+          "segment_scores": tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.float32)
+      })
+    else:
+      context_features.update({"labels": tf.io.VarLenFeature(tf.int64)})
+    sequence_features = {
+        feature_name: tf.io.FixedLenSequenceFeature([], dtype=tf.string)
+        for feature_name in self.feature_names
+    }
+    contexts, features = tf.io.parse_single_sequence_example(
+        serialized_example,
+        context_features=context_features,
+        sequence_features=sequence_features)
+
+    # loads (potentially) different types of features and concatenates them
+    num_features = len(self.feature_names)
+    assert num_features > 0, "No feature selected: feature_names is empty!"
+
+    assert len(self.feature_names) == len(self.feature_sizes), (
+        "length of feature_names (={}) != length of feature_sizes (={})".format(
+            len(self.feature_names), len(self.feature_sizes)))
+
+    num_frames = -1  # the number of frames in the video
+    feature_matrices = [None] * num_features  # an array of different features
+    for feature_index in range(num_features):
+      feature_matrix, num_frames_in_this_feature = self.get_video_matrix(
+          features[self.feature_names[feature_index]],
+          self.feature_sizes[feature_index], self.max_frames,
+          max_quantized_value, min_quantized_value)
+      if num_frames == -1:
+        num_frames = num_frames_in_this_feature
+
+      feature_matrices[feature_index] = feature_matrix
+
+    # cap the number of frames at self.max_frames
+    num_frames = tf.minimum(num_frames, self.max_frames)
+
+    # concatenate different features
+    video_matrix = tf.concat(feature_matrices, 1)
+
+    # Partition frame-level feature matrix to segment-level feature matrix.
+    if self.segment_labels:
+      start_times = contexts["segment_start_times"].values
+      # Here we assume all the segments that started at the same start time has
+      # the same segment_size.
+      uniq_start_times, seg_idxs = tf.unique(start_times,
+                                             out_idx=tf.dtypes.int64)
+      # TODO(zhengxu): Ensure the segment_sizes are all same.
+      segment_size = self.segment_size
+      # Range gather matrix, e.g., [[0,1,2],[1,2,3]] for segment_size == 3.
+      range_mtx = tf.expand_dims(uniq_start_times, axis=-1) + tf.expand_dims(
+          tf.range(0, segment_size, dtype=tf.int64), axis=0)
+      # Shape: [num_segment, segment_size, feature_dim].
+      batch_video_matrix = tf.gather_nd(video_matrix,
+                                        tf.expand_dims(range_mtx, axis=-1))
+      num_segment = tf.shape(batch_video_matrix)[0]
+      batch_video_ids = tf.reshape(tf.tile([contexts["id"]], [num_segment]),
+                                   (num_segment,))
+      batch_frames = tf.reshape(tf.tile([segment_size], [num_segment]),
+                                (num_segment,))
+
+      # For segment labels, all labels are not exhausively rated. So we only
+      # evaluate the rated labels.
+
+      # Label indices for each segment, shape: [num_segment, 2].
+      label_indices = tf.stack([seg_idxs, contexts["segment_labels"].values],
+                               axis=-1)
+      label_values = contexts["segment_scores"].values
+      sparse_labels = tf.sparse.SparseTensor(label_indices, label_values,
+                                             (num_segment, self.num_classes))
+      batch_labels = tf.sparse.to_dense(sparse_labels, validate_indices=False)
+
+      sparse_label_weights = tf.sparse.SparseTensor(
+          label_indices, tf.ones_like(label_values, dtype=tf.float32),
+          (num_segment, self.num_classes))
+      batch_label_weights = tf.sparse.to_dense(sparse_label_weights,
+                                               validate_indices=False)
+    else:
+      # Process video-level labels.
+      label_indices = contexts["labels"].values
+      sparse_labels = tf.sparse.SparseTensor(
+          tf.expand_dims(label_indices, axis=-1),
+          tf.ones_like(contexts["labels"].values, dtype=tf.bool),
+          (self.num_classes,))
+      labels = tf.sparse.to_dense(sparse_labels,
+                                  default_value=False,
+                                  validate_indices=False)
+      # convert to batch format.
+      batch_video_ids = tf.expand_dims(contexts["id"], 0)
+      batch_video_matrix = tf.expand_dims(video_matrix, 0)
+      batch_labels = tf.expand_dims(labels, 0)
+      batch_frames = tf.expand_dims(num_frames, 0)
+      batch_label_weights = None
+
+    output_dict = {
+        "video_ids": batch_video_ids,
+        "video_matrix": batch_video_matrix,
+        "labels": batch_labels,
+        "num_frames": batch_frames,
+    }
+    if batch_label_weights is not None:
+      output_dict["label_weights"] = batch_label_weights
+
+    return output_dict

+"""Eval mAP@N metric from inference file."""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+from absl import app
+from absl import flags
+
+import mean_average_precision_calculator as map_calculator
+import numpy as np
+import tensorflow as tf
+
+flags.DEFINE_string(
+    "eval_data_pattern", "",
+    "File glob defining the evaluation dataset in tensorflow.SequenceExample "
+    "format. The SequenceExamples are expected to have an 'rgb' byte array "
+    "sequence feature as well as a 'labels' int64 context feature.")
+flags.DEFINE_string(
+    "label_cache", "",
+    "The path for the label cache file. Leave blank for not to cache.")
+flags.DEFINE_string("submission_file", "",
+                    "The segment submission file generated by inference.py.")
+flags.DEFINE_integer(
+    "top_n", 0,
+    "The cap per-class predictions by a maximum of N. Use 0 for not capping.")
+
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
+
+
+class Labels(object):
+  """Contains the class to hold label objects.
+
+  This class can serialize and de-serialize the groundtruths.
+  The ground truth is in a mapping from (segment_id, class_id) -> label_score.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, labels):
+    """__init__ method."""
+    self._labels = labels
+
+  @property
+  def labels(self):
+    """Return the ground truth mapping. See class docstring for details."""
+    return self._labels
+
+  def to_file(self, file_name):
+    """Materialize the GT mapping to file."""
+    with tf.gfile.Open(file_name, "w") as fobj:
+      for k, v in self._labels.items():
+        seg_id, label = k
+        line = "%s,%s,%s\n" % (seg_id, label, v)
+        fobj.write(line)
+
+  @classmethod
+  def from_file(cls, file_name):
+    """Read the GT mapping from cached file."""
+    labels = {}
+    with tf.gfile.Open(file_name) as fobj:
+      for line in fobj:
+        line = line.strip().strip("\n")
+        seg_id, label, score = line.split(",")
+        labels[(seg_id, int(label))] = float(score)
+    return cls(labels)
+
+
+def read_labels(data_pattern, cache_path=""):
+  """Read labels from TFRecords.
+
+  Args:
+    data_pattern: the data pattern to the TFRecords.
+    cache_path: the cache path for the label file.
+
+  Returns:
+    a Labels object.
+  """
+  if cache_path:
+    if tf.gfile.Exists(cache_path):
+      tf.logging.info("Reading cached labels from %s..." % cache_path)
+      return Labels.from_file(cache_path)
+  tf.enable_eager_execution()
+  data_paths = tf.gfile.Glob(data_pattern)
+  ds = tf.data.TFRecordDataset(data_paths, num_parallel_reads=50)
+  context_features = {
+      "id": tf.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string),
+      "segment_labels": tf.VarLenFeature(tf.int64),
+      "segment_start_times": tf.VarLenFeature(tf.int64),
+      "segment_scores": tf.VarLenFeature(tf.float32)
+  }
+
+  def _parse_se_func(sequence_example):
+    return tf.parse_single_sequence_example(sequence_example,
+                                            context_features=context_features)
+
+  ds = ds.map(_parse_se_func)
+  rated_labels = {}
+  tf.logging.info("Reading labels from TFRecords...")
+  last_batch = 0
+  batch_size = 5000
+  for cxt_feature_val, _ in ds:
+    video_id = cxt_feature_val["id"].numpy()
+    segment_labels = cxt_feature_val["segment_labels"].values.numpy()
+    segment_start_times = cxt_feature_val["segment_start_times"].values.numpy()
+    segment_scores = cxt_feature_val["segment_scores"].values.numpy()
+    for label, start_time, score in zip(segment_labels, segment_start_times,
+                                        segment_scores):
+      rated_labels[("%s:%d" % (video_id, start_time), label)] = score
+    batch_id = len(rated_labels) // batch_size
+    if batch_id != last_batch:
+      tf.logging.info("%d examples processed.", len(rated_labels))
+      last_batch = batch_id
+  tf.logging.info("Finish reading labels from TFRecords...")
+  labels_obj = Labels(rated_labels)
+  if cache_path:
+    tf.logging.info("Caching labels to %s..." % cache_path)
+    labels_obj.to_file(cache_path)
+  return labels_obj
+
+
+def read_segment_predictions(file_path, labels, top_n=None):
+  """Read segement predictions.
+
+  Args:
+    file_path: the submission file path.
+    labels: a Labels object containing the eval labels.
+    top_n: the per-class class capping.
+
+  Returns:
+    a segment prediction list for each classes.
+  """
+  cls_preds = {}  # A label_id to pred list mapping.
+  with tf.gfile.Open(file_path) as fobj:
+    tf.logging.info("Reading predictions from %s..." % file_path)
+    for line in fobj:
+      label_id, pred_ids_val = line.split(",")
+      pred_ids = pred_ids_val.split(" ")
+      if top_n:
+        pred_ids = pred_ids[:top_n]
+      pred_ids = [
+          pred_id for pred_id in pred_ids
+          if (pred_id, int(label_id)) in labels.labels
+      ]
+      cls_preds[int(label_id)] = pred_ids
+      if len(cls_preds) % 50 == 0:
+        tf.logging.info("Processed %d classes..." % len(cls_preds))
+    tf.logging.info("Finish reading predictions.")
+  return cls_preds
+
+
+def main(unused_argv):
+  """Entry function of the script."""
+  if not FLAGS.submission_file:
+    raise ValueError("You must input submission file.")
+  eval_labels = read_labels(FLAGS.eval_data_pattern,
+                            cache_path=FLAGS.label_cache)
+  tf.logging.info("Total rated segments: %d." % len(eval_labels.labels))
+  positive_counter = {}
+  for k, v in eval_labels.labels.items():
+    _, label_id = k
+    if v > 0:
+      positive_counter[label_id] = positive_counter.get(label_id, 0) + 1
+
+  seg_preds = read_segment_predictions(FLAGS.submission_file,
+                                       eval_labels,
+                                       top_n=FLAGS.top_n)
+  map_cal = map_calculator.MeanAveragePrecisionCalculator(len(seg_preds))
+  seg_labels = []
+  seg_scored_preds = []
+  num_positives = []
+  for label_id in sorted(seg_preds):
+    class_preds = seg_preds[label_id]
+    seg_label = [eval_labels.labels[(pred, label_id)] for pred in class_preds]
+    seg_labels.append(seg_label)
+    seg_scored_pred = []
+    if class_preds:
+      seg_scored_pred = [
+          float(x) / len(class_preds) for x in range(len(class_preds), 0, -1)
+      ]
+    seg_scored_preds.append(seg_scored_pred)
+    num_positives.append(positive_counter[label_id])
+  map_cal.accumulate(seg_scored_preds, seg_labels, num_positives)
+  map_at_n = np.mean(map_cal.peek_map_at_n())
+  tf.logging.info("Num classes: %d | mAP@%d: %.6f" %
+                  (len(seg_preds), FLAGS.top_n, map_at_n))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  app.run(main)

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+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Binary for training Tensorflow models on the YouTube-8M dataset."""
+
+import json
+import os
+import time
+
+import eval_util
+import export_model
+import losses
+import frame_level_models
+import video_level_models
+import readers
+import tensorflow as tf
+import tensorflow.contrib.slim as slim
+from tensorflow.python.lib.io import file_io
+from tensorflow import app
+from tensorflow import flags
+from tensorflow import gfile
+from tensorflow import logging
+from tensorflow.python.client import device_lib
+import utils
+
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  # Dataset flags.
+  flags.DEFINE_string("train_dir", "/tmp/yt8m_model/",
+                      "The directory to save the model files in.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "train_data_pattern", "",
+      "File glob for the training dataset. If the files refer to Frame Level "
+      "features (i.e. tensorflow.SequenceExample), then set --reader_type "
+      "format. The (Sequence)Examples are expected to have 'rgb' byte array "
+      "sequence feature as well as a 'labels' int64 context feature.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string("feature_names", "mean_rgb", "Name of the feature "
+                      "to use for training.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string("feature_sizes", "1024", "Length of the feature vectors.")
+
+  # Model flags.
+  flags.DEFINE_bool(
+      "frame_features", False,
+      "If set, then --train_data_pattern must be frame-level features. "
+      "Otherwise, --train_data_pattern must be aggregated video-level "
+      "features. The model must also be set appropriately (i.e. to read 3D "
+      "batches VS 4D batches.")
+  flags.DEFINE_bool(
+      "segment_labels", False,
+      "If set, then --train_data_pattern must be frame-level features (but with"
+      " segment_labels). Otherwise, --train_data_pattern must be aggregated "
+      "video-level features. The model must also be set appropriately (i.e. to "
+      "read 3D batches VS 4D batches.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string(
+      "model", "LogisticModel",
+      "Which architecture to use for the model. Models are defined "
+      "in models.py.")
+  flags.DEFINE_bool(
+      "start_new_model", False,
+      "If set, this will not resume from a checkpoint and will instead create a"
+      " new model instance.")
+
+  # Training flags.
+  flags.DEFINE_integer(
+      "num_gpu", 1, "The maximum number of GPU devices to use for training. "
+      "Flag only applies if GPUs are installed")
+  flags.DEFINE_integer("batch_size", 1024,
+                       "How many examples to process per batch for training.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string("label_loss", "CrossEntropyLoss",
+                      "Which loss function to use for training the model.")
+  flags.DEFINE_float(
+      "regularization_penalty", 1.0,
+      "How much weight to give to the regularization loss (the label loss has "
+      "a weight of 1).")
+  flags.DEFINE_float("base_learning_rate", 0.01,
+                     "Which learning rate to start with.")
+  flags.DEFINE_float(
+      "learning_rate_decay", 0.95,
+      "Learning rate decay factor to be applied every "
+      "learning_rate_decay_examples.")
+  flags.DEFINE_float(
+      "learning_rate_decay_examples", 4000000,
+      "Multiply current learning rate by learning_rate_decay "
+      "every learning_rate_decay_examples.")
+  flags.DEFINE_integer(
+      "num_epochs", 5, "How many passes to make over the dataset before "
+      "halting training.")
+  flags.DEFINE_integer(
+      "max_steps", None,
+      "The maximum number of iterations of the training loop.")
+  flags.DEFINE_integer(
+      "export_model_steps", 1000,
+      "The period, in number of steps, with which the model "
+      "is exported for batch prediction.")
+
+  # Other flags.
+  flags.DEFINE_integer("num_readers", 8,
+                       "How many threads to use for reading input files.")
+  flags.DEFINE_string("optimizer", "AdamOptimizer",
+                      "What optimizer class to use.")
+  flags.DEFINE_float("clip_gradient_norm", 1.0, "Norm to clip gradients to.")
+  flags.DEFINE_bool(
+      "log_device_placement", False,
+      "Whether to write the device on which every op will run into the "
+      "logs on startup.")
+
+
+def validate_class_name(flag_value, category, modules, expected_superclass):
+  """Checks that the given string matches a class of the expected type.
+
+  Args:
+    flag_value: A string naming the class to instantiate.
+    category: A string used further describe the class in error messages (e.g.
+      'model', 'reader', 'loss').
+    modules: A list of modules to search for the given class.
+    expected_superclass: A class that the given class should inherit from.
+
+  Raises:
+    FlagsError: If the given class could not be found or if the first class
+    found with that name doesn't inherit from the expected superclass.
+
+  Returns:
+    True if a class was found that matches the given constraints.
+  """
+  candidates = [getattr(module, flag_value, None) for module in modules]
+  for candidate in candidates:
+    if not candidate:
+      continue
+    if not issubclass(candidate, expected_superclass):
+      raise flags.FlagsError(
+          "%s '%s' doesn't inherit from %s." %
+          (category, flag_value, expected_superclass.__name__))
+    return True
+  raise flags.FlagsError("Unable to find %s '%s'." % (category, flag_value))
+
+
+def get_input_data_tensors(reader,
+                           data_pattern,
+                           batch_size=1000,
+                           num_epochs=None,
+                           num_readers=1):
+  """Creates the section of the graph which reads the training data.
+
+  Args:
+    reader: A class which parses the training data.
+    data_pattern: A 'glob' style path to the data files.
+    batch_size: How many examples to process at a time.
+    num_epochs: How many passes to make over the training data. Set to 'None' to
+      run indefinitely.
+    num_readers: How many I/O threads to use.
+
+  Returns:
+    A tuple containing the features tensor, labels tensor, and optionally a
+    tensor containing the number of frames per video. The exact dimensions
+    depend on the reader being used.
+
+  Raises:
+    IOError: If no files matching the given pattern were found.
+  """
+  logging.info("Using batch size of " + str(batch_size) + " for training.")
+  with tf.name_scope("train_input"):
+    files = gfile.Glob(data_pattern)
+    if not files:
+      raise IOError("Unable to find training files. data_pattern='" +
+                    data_pattern + "'.")
+    logging.info("Number of training files: %s.", str(len(files)))
+    filename_queue = tf.train.string_input_producer(files,
+                                                    num_epochs=num_epochs,
+                                                    shuffle=True)
+    training_data = [
+        reader.prepare_reader(filename_queue) for _ in range(num_readers)
+    ]
+
+    return tf.train.shuffle_batch_join(training_data,
+                                       batch_size=batch_size,
+                                       capacity=batch_size * 5,
+                                       min_after_dequeue=batch_size,
+                                       allow_smaller_final_batch=True,
+                                       enqueue_many=True)
+
+
+def find_class_by_name(name, modules):
+  """Searches the provided modules for the named class and returns it."""
+  modules = [getattr(module, name, None) for module in modules]
+  return next(a for a in modules if a)
+
+
+def build_graph(reader,
+                model,
+                train_data_pattern,
+                label_loss_fn=losses.CrossEntropyLoss(),
+                batch_size=1000,
+                base_learning_rate=0.01,
+                learning_rate_decay_examples=1000000,
+                learning_rate_decay=0.95,
+                optimizer_class=tf.train.AdamOptimizer,
+                clip_gradient_norm=1.0,
+                regularization_penalty=1,
+                num_readers=1,
+                num_epochs=None):
+  """Creates the Tensorflow graph.
+
+  This will only be called once in the life of
+  a training model, because after the graph is created the model will be
+  restored from a meta graph file rather than being recreated.
+
+  Args:
+    reader: The data file reader. It should inherit from BaseReader.
+    model: The core model (e.g. logistic or neural net). It should inherit from
+      BaseModel.
+    train_data_pattern: glob path to the training data files.
+    label_loss_fn: What kind of loss to apply to the model. It should inherit
+      from BaseLoss.
+    batch_size: How many examples to process at a time.
+    base_learning_rate: What learning rate to initialize the optimizer with.
+    optimizer_class: Which optimization algorithm to use.
+    clip_gradient_norm: Magnitude of the gradient to clip to.
+    regularization_penalty: How much weight to give the regularization loss
+      compared to the label loss.
+    num_readers: How many threads to use for I/O operations.
+    num_epochs: How many passes to make over the data. 'None' means an unlimited
+      number of passes.
+  """
+
+  global_step = tf.Variable(0, trainable=False, name="global_step")
+
+  local_device_protos = device_lib.list_local_devices()
+  gpus = [x.name for x in local_device_protos if x.device_type == "GPU"]
+  gpus = gpus[:FLAGS.num_gpu]
+  num_gpus = len(gpus)
+
+  if num_gpus > 0:
+    logging.info("Using the following GPUs to train: " + str(gpus))
+    num_towers = num_gpus
+    device_string = "/gpu:%d"
+  else:
+    logging.info("No GPUs found. Training on CPU.")
+    num_towers = 1
+    device_string = "/cpu:%d"
+
+  learning_rate = tf.train.exponential_decay(base_learning_rate,
+                                             global_step * batch_size *
+                                             num_towers,
+                                             learning_rate_decay_examples,
+                                             learning_rate_decay,
+                                             staircase=True)
+  tf.summary.scalar("learning_rate", learning_rate)
+
+  optimizer = optimizer_class(learning_rate)
+  input_data_dict = (get_input_data_tensors(reader,
+                                            train_data_pattern,
+                                            batch_size=batch_size * num_towers,
+                                            num_readers=num_readers,
+                                            num_epochs=num_epochs))
+  model_input_raw = input_data_dict["video_matrix"]
+  labels_batch = input_data_dict["labels"]
+  num_frames = input_data_dict["num_frames"]
+  print("model_input_shape, ", model_input_raw.shape)
+  tf.summary.histogram("model/input_raw", model_input_raw)
+
+  feature_dim = len(model_input_raw.get_shape()) - 1
+
+  model_input = tf.nn.l2_normalize(model_input_raw, feature_dim)
+
+  tower_inputs = tf.split(model_input, num_towers)
+  tower_labels = tf.split(labels_batch, num_towers)
+  tower_num_frames = tf.split(num_frames, num_towers)
+  tower_gradients = []
+  tower_predictions = []
+  tower_label_losses = []
+  tower_reg_losses = []
+  for i in range(num_towers):
+    # For some reason these 'with' statements can't be combined onto the same
+    # line. They have to be nested.
+    with tf.device(device_string % i):
+      with (tf.variable_scope(("tower"), reuse=True if i > 0 else None)):
+        with (slim.arg_scope([slim.model_variable, slim.variable],
+                             device="/cpu:0" if num_gpus != 1 else "/gpu:0")):
+          result = model.create_model(tower_inputs[i],
+                                      num_frames=tower_num_frames[i],
+                                      vocab_size=reader.num_classes,
+                                      labels=tower_labels[i])
+          for variable in slim.get_model_variables():
+            tf.summary.histogram(variable.op.name, variable)
+
+          predictions = result["predictions"]
+          tower_predictions.append(predictions)
+
+          if "loss" in result.keys():
+            label_loss = result["loss"]
+          else:
+            label_loss = label_loss_fn.calculate_loss(predictions,
+                                                      tower_labels[i])
+
+          if "regularization_loss" in result.keys():
+            reg_loss = result["regularization_loss"]
+          else:
+            reg_loss = tf.constant(0.0)
+
+          reg_losses = tf.losses.get_regularization_losses()
+          if reg_losses:
+            reg_loss += tf.add_n(reg_losses)
+
+          tower_reg_losses.append(reg_loss)
+
+          # Adds update_ops (e.g., moving average updates in batch normalization) as
+          # a dependency to the train_op.
+          update_ops = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS)
+          if "update_ops" in result.keys():
+            update_ops += result["update_ops"]
+          if update_ops:
+            with tf.control_dependencies(update_ops):
+              barrier = tf.no_op(name="gradient_barrier")
+              with tf.control_dependencies([barrier]):
+                label_loss = tf.identity(label_loss)
+
+          tower_label_losses.append(label_loss)
+
+          # Incorporate the L2 weight penalties etc.
+          final_loss = regularization_penalty * reg_loss + label_loss
+          gradients = optimizer.compute_gradients(
+              final_loss, colocate_gradients_with_ops=False)
+          tower_gradients.append(gradients)
+  label_loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.stack(tower_label_losses))
+  tf.summary.scalar("label_loss", label_loss)
+  if regularization_penalty != 0:
+    reg_loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.stack(tower_reg_losses))
+    tf.summary.scalar("reg_loss", reg_loss)
+  merged_gradients = utils.combine_gradients(tower_gradients)
+
+  if clip_gradient_norm > 0:
+    with tf.name_scope("clip_grads"):
+      merged_gradients = utils.clip_gradient_norms(merged_gradients,
+                                                   clip_gradient_norm)
+
+  train_op = optimizer.apply_gradients(merged_gradients,
+                                       global_step=global_step)
+
+  tf.add_to_collection("global_step", global_step)
+  tf.add_to_collection("loss", label_loss)
+  tf.add_to_collection("predictions", tf.concat(tower_predictions, 0))
+  tf.add_to_collection("input_batch_raw", model_input_raw)
+  tf.add_to_collection("input_batch", model_input)
+  tf.add_to_collection("num_frames", num_frames)
+  tf.add_to_collection("labels", tf.cast(labels_batch, tf.float32))
+  tf.add_to_collection("train_op", train_op)
+
+
+class Trainer(object):
+  """A Trainer to train a Tensorflow graph."""
+
+  def __init__(self,
+               cluster,
+               task,
+               train_dir,
+               model,
+               reader,
+               model_exporter,
+               log_device_placement=True,
+               max_steps=None,
+               export_model_steps=1000):
+    """"Creates a Trainer.
+
+    Args:
+      cluster: A tf.train.ClusterSpec if the execution is distributed. None
+        otherwise.
+      task: A TaskSpec describing the job type and the task index.
+    """
+
+    self.cluster = cluster
+    self.task = task
+    self.is_master = (task.type == "master" and task.index == 0)
+    self.train_dir = train_dir
+    self.config = tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True,
+                                 log_device_placement=log_device_placement)
+    self.config.gpu_options.allow_growth = True
+    self.model = model
+    self.reader = reader
+    self.model_exporter = model_exporter
+    self.max_steps = max_steps
+    self.max_steps_reached = False
+    self.export_model_steps = export_model_steps
+    self.last_model_export_step = 0
+
+
+#     if self.is_master and self.task.index > 0:
+#       raise StandardError("%s: Only one replica of master expected",
+#                           task_as_string(self.task))
+
+  def run(self, start_new_model=False):
+    """Performs training on the currently defined Tensorflow graph.
+
+    Returns:
+      A tuple of the training Hit@1 and the training PERR.
+    """
+    if self.is_master and start_new_model:
+      self.remove_training_directory(self.train_dir)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(self.train_dir):
+      os.makedirs(self.train_dir)
+
+    model_flags_dict = {
+        "model": FLAGS.model,
+        "feature_sizes": FLAGS.feature_sizes,
+        "feature_names": FLAGS.feature_names,
+        "frame_features": FLAGS.frame_features,
+        "label_loss": FLAGS.label_loss,
+    }
+    flags_json_path = os.path.join(FLAGS.train_dir, "model_flags.json")
+    if file_io.file_exists(flags_json_path):
+      existing_flags = json.load(file_io.FileIO(flags_json_path, mode="r"))
+      if existing_flags != model_flags_dict:
+        logging.error(
+            "Model flags do not match existing file %s. Please "
+            "delete the file, change --train_dir, or pass flag "
+            "--start_new_model", flags_json_path)
+        logging.error("Ran model with flags: %s", str(model_flags_dict))
+        logging.error("Previously ran with flags: %s", str(existing_flags))
+        exit(1)
+    else:
+      # Write the file.
+      with file_io.FileIO(flags_json_path, mode="w") as fout:
+        fout.write(json.dumps(model_flags_dict))
+
+    target, device_fn = self.start_server_if_distributed()
+
+    meta_filename = self.get_meta_filename(start_new_model, self.train_dir)
+
+    with tf.Graph().as_default() as graph:
+      if meta_filename:
+        saver = self.recover_model(meta_filename)
+
+      with tf.device(device_fn):
+        if not meta_filename:
+          saver = self.build_model(self.model, self.reader)
+
+        global_step = tf.get_collection("global_step")[0]
+        loss = tf.get_collection("loss")[0]
+        predictions = tf.get_collection("predictions")[0]
+        labels = tf.get_collection("labels")[0]
+        train_op = tf.get_collection("train_op")[0]
+        init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
+
+    sv = tf.train.Supervisor(graph,
+                             logdir=self.train_dir,
+                             init_op=init_op,
+                             is_chief=self.is_master,
+                             global_step=global_step,
+                             save_model_secs=15 * 60,
+                             save_summaries_secs=120,
+                             saver=saver)
+
+    logging.info("%s: Starting managed session.", task_as_string(self.task))
+    with sv.managed_session(target, config=self.config) as sess:
+      try:
+        logging.info("%s: Entering training loop.", task_as_string(self.task))
+        while (not sv.should_stop()) and (not self.max_steps_reached):
+          batch_start_time = time.time()
+          _, global_step_val, loss_val, predictions_val, labels_val = sess.run(
+              [train_op, global_step, loss, predictions, labels])
+          seconds_per_batch = time.time() - batch_start_time
+          examples_per_second = labels_val.shape[0] / seconds_per_batch
+
+          if self.max_steps and self.max_steps <= global_step_val:
+            self.max_steps_reached = True
+
+          if self.is_master and global_step_val % 10 == 0 and self.train_dir:
+            eval_start_time = time.time()
+            hit_at_one = eval_util.calculate_hit_at_one(predictions_val,
+                                                        labels_val)
+            perr = eval_util.calculate_precision_at_equal_recall_rate(
+                predictions_val, labels_val)
+            gap = eval_util.calculate_gap(predictions_val, labels_val)
+            eval_end_time = time.time()
+            eval_time = eval_end_time - eval_start_time
+
+            logging.info("training step " + str(global_step_val) + " | Loss: " +
+                         ("%.2f" % loss_val) + " Examples/sec: " +
+                         ("%.2f" % examples_per_second) + " | Hit@1: " +
+                         ("%.2f" % hit_at_one) + " PERR: " + ("%.2f" % perr) +
+                         " GAP: " + ("%.2f" % gap))
+
+            sv.summary_writer.add_summary(
+                utils.MakeSummary("model/Training_Hit@1", hit_at_one),
+                global_step_val)
+            sv.summary_writer.add_summary(
+                utils.MakeSummary("model/Training_Perr", perr), global_step_val)
+            sv.summary_writer.add_summary(
+                utils.MakeSummary("model/Training_GAP", gap), global_step_val)
+            sv.summary_writer.add_summary(
+                utils.MakeSummary("global_step/Examples/Second",
+                                  examples_per_second), global_step_val)
+            sv.summary_writer.flush()
+
+            # Exporting the model every x steps
+            time_to_export = ((self.last_model_export_step == 0) or
+                              (global_step_val - self.last_model_export_step >=
+                               self.export_model_steps))
+
+            if self.is_master and time_to_export:
+              self.export_model(global_step_val, sv.saver, sv.save_path, sess)
+              self.last_model_export_step = global_step_val
+          else:
+            logging.info("training step " + str(global_step_val) + " | Loss: " +
+                         ("%.2f" % loss_val) + " Examples/sec: " +
+                         ("%.2f" % examples_per_second))
+      except tf.errors.OutOfRangeError:
+        logging.info("%s: Done training -- epoch limit reached.",
+                     task_as_string(self.task))
+
+    logging.info("%s: Exited training loop.", task_as_string(self.task))
+    sv.Stop()
+
+  def export_model(self, global_step_val, saver, save_path, session):
+
+    # If the model has already been exported at this step, return.
+    if global_step_val == self.last_model_export_step:
+      return
+
+    saver.save(session, save_path, global_step_val)
+
+  def start_server_if_distributed(self):
+    """Starts a server if the execution is distributed."""
+
+    if self.cluster:
+      logging.info("%s: Starting trainer within cluster %s.",
+                   task_as_string(self.task), self.cluster.as_dict())
+      server = start_server(self.cluster, self.task)
+      target = server.target
+      device_fn = tf.train.replica_device_setter(
+          ps_device="/job:ps",
+          worker_device="/job:%s/task:%d" % (self.task.type, self.task.index),
+          cluster=self.cluster)
+    else:
+      target = ""
+      device_fn = ""
+    return (target, device_fn)
+
+  def remove_training_directory(self, train_dir):
+    """Removes the training directory."""
+    try:
+      logging.info("%s: Removing existing train directory.",
+                   task_as_string(self.task))
+      gfile.DeleteRecursively(train_dir)
+    except:
+      logging.error(
+          "%s: Failed to delete directory " + train_dir +
+          " when starting a new model. Please delete it manually and" +
+          " try again.", task_as_string(self.task))
+
+  def get_meta_filename(self, start_new_model, train_dir):
+    if start_new_model:
+      logging.info("%s: Flag 'start_new_model' is set. Building a new model.",
+                   task_as_string(self.task))
+      return None
+
+    latest_checkpoint = tf.train.latest_checkpoint(train_dir)
+    if not latest_checkpoint:
+      logging.info("%s: No checkpoint file found. Building a new model.",
+                   task_as_string(self.task))
+      return None
+
+    meta_filename = latest_checkpoint + ".meta"
+    if not gfile.Exists(meta_filename):
+      logging.info("%s: No meta graph file found. Building a new model.",
+                   task_as_string(self.task))
+      return None
+    else:
+      return meta_filename
+
+  def recover_model(self, meta_filename):
+    logging.info("%s: Restoring from meta graph file %s",
+                 task_as_string(self.task), meta_filename)
+    return tf.train.import_meta_graph(meta_filename)
+
+  def build_model(self, model, reader):
+    """Find the model and build the graph."""
+
+    label_loss_fn = find_class_by_name(FLAGS.label_loss, [losses])()
+    optimizer_class = find_class_by_name(FLAGS.optimizer, [tf.train])
+
+    build_graph(reader=reader,
+                model=model,
+                optimizer_class=optimizer_class,
+                clip_gradient_norm=FLAGS.clip_gradient_norm,
+                train_data_pattern=FLAGS.train_data_pattern,
+                label_loss_fn=label_loss_fn,
+                base_learning_rate=FLAGS.base_learning_rate,
+                learning_rate_decay=FLAGS.learning_rate_decay,
+                learning_rate_decay_examples=FLAGS.learning_rate_decay_examples,
+                regularization_penalty=FLAGS.regularization_penalty,
+                num_readers=FLAGS.num_readers,
+                batch_size=FLAGS.batch_size,
+                num_epochs=FLAGS.num_epochs)
+
+    return tf.train.Saver(max_to_keep=0, keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours=0.25)
+
+
+def get_reader():
+  # Convert feature_names and feature_sizes to lists of values.
+  feature_names, feature_sizes = utils.GetListOfFeatureNamesAndSizes(
+      FLAGS.feature_names, FLAGS.feature_sizes)
+
+  if FLAGS.frame_features:
+    reader = readers.YT8MFrameFeatureReader(feature_names=feature_names,
+                                            feature_sizes=feature_sizes,
+                                            segment_labels=FLAGS.segment_labels)
+  else:
+    reader = readers.YT8MAggregatedFeatureReader(feature_names=feature_names,
+                                                 feature_sizes=feature_sizes)
+
+  return reader
+
+
+class ParameterServer(object):
+  """A parameter server to serve variables in a distributed execution."""
+
+  def __init__(self, cluster, task):
+    """Creates a ParameterServer.
+
+    Args:
+      cluster: A tf.train.ClusterSpec if the execution is distributed. None
+        otherwise.
+      task: A TaskSpec describing the job type and the task index.
+    """
+
+    self.cluster = cluster
+    self.task = task
+
+  def run(self):
+    """Starts the parameter server."""
+
+    logging.info("%s: Starting parameter server within cluster %s.",
+                 task_as_string(self.task), self.cluster.as_dict())
+    server = start_server(self.cluster, self.task)
+    server.join()
+
+
+def start_server(cluster, task):
+  """Creates a Server.
+
+  Args:
+    cluster: A tf.train.ClusterSpec if the execution is distributed. None
+      otherwise.
+    task: A TaskSpec describing the job type and the task index.
+  """
+
+  if not task.type:
+    raise ValueError("%s: The task type must be specified." %
+                     task_as_string(task))
+  if task.index is None:
+    raise ValueError("%s: The task index must be specified." %
+                     task_as_string(task))
+
+  # Create and start a server.
+  return tf.train.Server(tf.train.ClusterSpec(cluster),
+                         protocol="grpc",
+                         job_name=task.type,
+                         task_index=task.index)
+
+
+def task_as_string(task):
+  return "/job:%s/task:%s" % (task.type, task.index)
+
+
+def main(unused_argv):
+  # Load the environment.
+  env = json.loads(os.environ.get("TF_CONFIG", "{}"))
+
+  # Load the cluster data from the environment.
+  cluster_data = env.get("cluster", None)
+  cluster = tf.train.ClusterSpec(cluster_data) if cluster_data else None
+
+  # Load the task data from the environment.
+  task_data = env.get("task", None) or {"type": "master", "index": 0}
+  task = type("TaskSpec", (object,), task_data)
+
+  # Logging the version.
+  logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
+  logging.info("%s: Tensorflow version: %s.", task_as_string(task),
+               tf.__version__)
+
+  # Dispatch to a master, a worker, or a parameter server.
+  if not cluster or task.type == "master" or task.type == "worker":
+    model = find_class_by_name(FLAGS.model,
+                               [frame_level_models, video_level_models])()
+
+    reader = get_reader()
+
+    model_exporter = export_model.ModelExporter(
+        frame_features=FLAGS.frame_features, model=model, reader=reader)
+
+    Trainer(cluster, task, FLAGS.train_dir, model, reader, model_exporter,
+            FLAGS.log_device_placement, FLAGS.max_steps,
+            FLAGS.export_model_steps).run(start_new_model=FLAGS.start_new_model)
+
+  elif task.type == "ps":
+    ParameterServer(cluster, task).run()
+  else:
+    raise ValueError("%s: Invalid task_type: %s." %
+                     (task_as_string(task), task.type))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  app.run()

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Contains a collection of util functions for training and evaluating."""
+
+import numpy
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow import logging
+
+try:
+  xrange  # Python 2
+except NameError:
+  xrange = range  # Python 3
+
+
+def Dequantize(feat_vector, max_quantized_value=2, min_quantized_value=-2):
+  """Dequantize the feature from the byte format to the float format.
+
+  Args:
+    feat_vector: the input 1-d vector.
+    max_quantized_value: the maximum of the quantized value.
+    min_quantized_value: the minimum of the quantized value.
+
+  Returns:
+    A float vector which has the same shape as feat_vector.
+  """
+  assert max_quantized_value > min_quantized_value
+  quantized_range = max_quantized_value - min_quantized_value
+  scalar = quantized_range / 255.0
+  bias = (quantized_range / 512.0) + min_quantized_value
+  return feat_vector * scalar + bias
+
+
+def MakeSummary(name, value):
+  """Creates a tf.Summary proto with the given name and value."""
+  summary = tf.Summary()
+  val = summary.value.add()
+  val.tag = str(name)
+  val.simple_value = float(value)
+  return summary
+
+
+def AddGlobalStepSummary(summary_writer,
+                         global_step_val,
+                         global_step_info_dict,
+                         summary_scope="Eval"):
+  """Add the global_step summary to the Tensorboard.
+
+  Args:
+    summary_writer: Tensorflow summary_writer.
+    global_step_val: a int value of the global step.
+    global_step_info_dict: a dictionary of the evaluation metrics calculated for
+      a mini-batch.
+    summary_scope: Train or Eval.
+
+  Returns:
+    A string of this global_step summary
+  """
+  this_hit_at_one = global_step_info_dict["hit_at_one"]
+  this_perr = global_step_info_dict["perr"]
+  this_loss = global_step_info_dict["loss"]
+  examples_per_second = global_step_info_dict.get("examples_per_second", -1)
+
+  summary_writer.add_summary(
+      MakeSummary("GlobalStep/" + summary_scope + "_Hit@1", this_hit_at_one),
+      global_step_val)
+  summary_writer.add_summary(
+      MakeSummary("GlobalStep/" + summary_scope + "_Perr", this_perr),
+      global_step_val)
+  summary_writer.add_summary(
+      MakeSummary("GlobalStep/" + summary_scope + "_Loss", this_loss),
+      global_step_val)
+
+  if examples_per_second != -1:
+    summary_writer.add_summary(
+        MakeSummary("GlobalStep/" + summary_scope + "_Example_Second",
+                    examples_per_second), global_step_val)
+
+  summary_writer.flush()
+  info = (
+      "global_step {0} | Batch Hit@1: {1:.3f} | Batch PERR: {2:.3f} | Batch "
+      "Loss: {3:.3f} | Examples_per_sec: {4:.3f}").format(
+          global_step_val, this_hit_at_one, this_perr, this_loss,
+          examples_per_second)
+  return info
+
+
+def AddEpochSummary(summary_writer,
+                    global_step_val,
+                    epoch_info_dict,
+                    summary_scope="Eval"):
+  """Add the epoch summary to the Tensorboard.
+
+  Args:
+    summary_writer: Tensorflow summary_writer.
+    global_step_val: a int value of the global step.
+    epoch_info_dict: a dictionary of the evaluation metrics calculated for the
+      whole epoch.
+    summary_scope: Train or Eval.
+
+  Returns:
+    A string of this global_step summary
+  """
+  epoch_id = epoch_info_dict["epoch_id"]
+  avg_hit_at_one = epoch_info_dict["avg_hit_at_one"]
+  avg_perr = epoch_info_dict["avg_perr"]
+  avg_loss = epoch_info_dict["avg_loss"]
+  aps = epoch_info_dict["aps"]
+  gap = epoch_info_dict["gap"]
+  mean_ap = numpy.mean(aps)
+
+  summary_writer.add_summary(
+      MakeSummary("Epoch/" + summary_scope + "_Avg_Hit@1", avg_hit_at_one),
+      global_step_val)
+  summary_writer.add_summary(
+      MakeSummary("Epoch/" + summary_scope + "_Avg_Perr", avg_perr),
+      global_step_val)
+  summary_writer.add_summary(
+      MakeSummary("Epoch/" + summary_scope + "_Avg_Loss", avg_loss),
+      global_step_val)
+  summary_writer.add_summary(
+      MakeSummary("Epoch/" + summary_scope + "_MAP", mean_ap), global_step_val)
+  summary_writer.add_summary(
+      MakeSummary("Epoch/" + summary_scope + "_GAP", gap), global_step_val)
+  summary_writer.flush()
+
+  info = ("epoch/eval number {0} | Avg_Hit@1: {1:.3f} | Avg_PERR: {2:.3f} "
+          "| MAP: {3:.3f} | GAP: {4:.3f} | Avg_Loss: {5:3f} | num_classes: {6}"
+         ).format(epoch_id, avg_hit_at_one, avg_perr, mean_ap, gap, avg_loss,
+                  len(aps))
+  return info
+
+
+def GetListOfFeatureNamesAndSizes(feature_names, feature_sizes):
+  """Extract the list of feature names and the dimensionality of each feature
+
+     from string of comma separated values.
+
+  Args:
+    feature_names: string containing comma separated list of feature names
+    feature_sizes: string containing comma separated list of feature sizes
+
+  Returns:
+    List of the feature names and list of the dimensionality of each feature.
+    Elements in the first/second list are strings/integers.
+  """
+  list_of_feature_names = [
+      feature_names.strip() for feature_names in feature_names.split(",")
+  ]
+  list_of_feature_sizes = [
+      int(feature_sizes) for feature_sizes in feature_sizes.split(",")
+  ]
+  if len(list_of_feature_names) != len(list_of_feature_sizes):
+    logging.error("length of the feature names (=" +
+                  str(len(list_of_feature_names)) + ") != length of feature "
+                  "sizes (=" + str(len(list_of_feature_sizes)) + ")")
+
+  return list_of_feature_names, list_of_feature_sizes
+
+
+def clip_gradient_norms(gradients_to_variables, max_norm):
+  """Clips the gradients by the given value.
+
+  Args:
+    gradients_to_variables: A list of gradient to variable pairs (tuples).
+    max_norm: the maximum norm value.
+
+  Returns:
+    A list of clipped gradient to variable pairs.
+  """
+  clipped_grads_and_vars = []
+  for grad, var in gradients_to_variables:
+    if grad is not None:
+      if isinstance(grad, tf.IndexedSlices):
+        tmp = tf.clip_by_norm(grad.values, max_norm)
+        grad = tf.IndexedSlices(tmp, grad.indices, grad.dense_shape)
+      else:
+        grad = tf.clip_by_norm(grad, max_norm)
+    clipped_grads_and_vars.append((grad, var))
+  return clipped_grads_and_vars
+
+
+def combine_gradients(tower_grads):
+  """Calculate the combined gradient for each shared variable across all towers.
+
+  Note that this function provides a synchronization point across all towers.
+
+  Args:
+    tower_grads: List of lists of (gradient, variable) tuples. The outer list is
+      over individual gradients. The inner list is over the gradient calculation
+      for each tower.
+
+  Returns:
+     List of pairs of (gradient, variable) where the gradient has been summed
+     across all towers.
+  """
+  filtered_grads = [
+      [x for x in grad_list if x[0] is not None] for grad_list in tower_grads
+  ]
+  final_grads = []
+  for i in xrange(len(filtered_grads[0])):
+    grads = [filtered_grads[t][i] for t in xrange(len(filtered_grads))]
+    grad = tf.stack([x[0] for x in grads], 0)
+    grad = tf.reduce_sum(grad, 0)
+    final_grads.append((
+        grad,
+        filtered_grads[0][i][1],
+    ))
+
+  return final_grads

+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Contains model definitions."""
+import math
+
+import models
+import tensorflow as tf
+import utils
+
+from tensorflow import flags
+import tensorflow.contrib.slim as slim
+
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
+flags.DEFINE_integer(
+    "moe_num_mixtures", 2,
+    "The number of mixtures (excluding the dummy 'expert') used for MoeModel.")
+
+
+class LogisticModel(models.BaseModel):
+  """Logistic model with L2 regularization."""
+
+  def create_model(self,
+                   model_input,
+                   vocab_size,
+                   l2_penalty=1e-8,
+                   **unused_params):
+    """Creates a logistic model.
+
+    Args:
+      model_input: 'batch' x 'num_features' matrix of input features.
+      vocab_size: The number of classes in the dataset.
+
+    Returns:
+      A dictionary with a tensor containing the probability predictions of the
+      model in the 'predictions' key. The dimensions of the tensor are
+      batch_size x num_classes.
+    """
+    output = slim.fully_connected(
+        model_input,
+        vocab_size,
+        activation_fn=tf.nn.sigmoid,
+        weights_regularizer=slim.l2_regularizer(l2_penalty))
+    return {"predictions": output}
+
+
+class MoeModel(models.BaseModel):
+  """A softmax over a mixture of logistic models (with L2 regularization)."""
+
+  def create_model(self,
+                   model_input,
+                   vocab_size,
+                   num_mixtures=None,
+                   l2_penalty=1e-8,
+                   **unused_params):
+    """Creates a Mixture of (Logistic) Experts model.
+
+     The model consists of a per-class softmax distribution over a
+     configurable number of logistic classifiers. One of the classifiers in the
+     mixture is not trained, and always predicts 0.
+
+    Args:
+      model_input: 'batch_size' x 'num_features' matrix of input features.
+      vocab_size: The number of classes in the dataset.
+      num_mixtures: The number of mixtures (excluding a dummy 'expert' that
+        always predicts the non-existence of an entity).
+      l2_penalty: How much to penalize the squared magnitudes of parameter
+        values.
+
+    Returns:
+      A dictionary with a tensor containing the probability predictions of the
+      model in the 'predictions' key. The dimensions of the tensor are
+      batch_size x num_classes.
+    """
+    num_mixtures = num_mixtures or FLAGS.moe_num_mixtures
+
+    gate_activations = slim.fully_connected(
+        model_input,
+        vocab_size * (num_mixtures + 1),
+        activation_fn=None,
+        biases_initializer=None,
+        weights_regularizer=slim.l2_regularizer(l2_penalty),
+        scope="gates")
+    expert_activations = slim.fully_connected(
+        model_input,
+        vocab_size * num_mixtures,
+        activation_fn=None,
+        weights_regularizer=slim.l2_regularizer(l2_penalty),
+        scope="experts")
+
+    gating_distribution = tf.nn.softmax(
+        tf.reshape(
+            gate_activations,
+            [-1, num_mixtures + 1]))  # (Batch * #Labels) x (num_mixtures + 1)
+    expert_distribution = tf.nn.sigmoid(
+        tf.reshape(expert_activations,
+                   [-1, num_mixtures]))  # (Batch * #Labels) x num_mixtures
+
+    final_probabilities_by_class_and_batch = tf.reduce_sum(
+        gating_distribution[:, :num_mixtures] * expert_distribution, 1)
+    final_probabilities = tf.reshape(final_probabilities_by_class_and_batch,
+                                     [-1, vocab_size])
+    return {"predictions": final_probabilities}